一言
Chinese
editone; single; a one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.) |
to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (一言) |
一 | 言 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jat1 jin4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yit-ngièn / yit-ngiàn
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): it-giân / it-gân
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7iq-yi; 7iq 6yi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧ ㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yiyán
- Wade–Giles: i1-yen2
- Yale: yī-yán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iyan
- Palladius: иянь (ijanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jat1 jin4
- Yale: yāt yìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jat7 jin4
- Guangdong Romanization: yed1 yin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐt̚⁵ jiːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit-ngièn
- Hakka Romanization System: idˋ ngienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yid5 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /it̚² ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit-ngiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)idˋ ngianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yid5 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚² ŋi̯an¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Noun
edit一言
Derived terms
editDescendants
editJapanese
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
一 | 言 |
いち Grade: 1 |
ごん Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese compound 一言 (ʔjit ngjon, literally “one + speech, word”). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- a (single) word, a few words
Idioms
editIdioms
- 一言以って之を蔽う (ichigon motte kore o ōu): “to cover this with one word/phrase” → to sum up complicated details in a few short words
- 一言も無い (ichigon mo nai): “not even a word” → to be speechless; to have nothing to say
- 一言一句 (ichigon ikku): “one word on phrase” → word by word, distinctly (as when speaking carefully)
- 一言半句 (ichigon hanku): “one word half a phrase” → word by word, distinctly (as when speaking carefully)
- 一言既に出ずれば駟馬も追い難し (ichigon sude ni izureba shiba mo oigatashi): “a word once said is hard to catch even with a four-horse team”
Derived terms
editDerived terms
- 一言居士 (ichigon koji): a person who must speak their mind about everything
- 一言詩 (ichigon shi): a traditional poem wherein a single character is used to fit the meter of a whole line
Verb
edit一言する • (ichigon suru) suru (stem 一言し (ichigon shi), past 一言した (ichigon shita))
- to say a few words
Conjugation
editConjugation of "一言する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 一言し | いちごんし | ichigon shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 一言し | いちごんし | ichigon shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 一言する | いちごんする | ichigon suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 一言する | いちごんする | ichigon suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 一言すれ | いちごんすれ | ichigon sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 一言せよ¹ 一言しろ² |
いちごんせよ¹ いちごんしろ² |
ichigon seyo¹ ichigon shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 一言される | いちごんされる | ichigon sareru | |
Causative | 一言させる 一言さす |
いちごんさせる いちごんさす |
ichigon saseru ichigon sasu | |
Potential | 一言できる | いちごんできる | ichigon dekiru | |
Volitional | 一言しよう | いちごんしよう | ichigon shiyō | |
Negative | 一言しない | いちごんしない | ichigon shinai | |
Negative continuative | 一言せず | いちごんせず | ichigon sezu | |
Formal | 一言します | いちごんします | ichigon shimasu | |
Perfective | 一言した | いちごんした | ichigon shita | |
Conjunctive | 一言して | いちごんして | ichigon shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 一言すれば | いちごんすれば | ichigon sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
一 | 言 |
いち Grade: 1 |
げん Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Shift in pronunciation from ichigon above, using the kan'on of gen for the 言 character.[3]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- a (single) word, a few words
Idioms
editIdioms
Derived terms
editDerived terms
- 一言一行 (ichigen ikkō): one action and one word
- 一言居士 (ichigen koji): a person who must speak their mind about everything
Verb
edit一言する • (ichigen suru) suru (stem 一言し (ichigen shi), past 一言した (ichigen shita))
- to say a few words
Conjugation
editConjugation of "一言する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 一言し | いちげんし | ichigen shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 一言し | いちげんし | ichigen shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 一言する | いちげんする | ichigen suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 一言する | いちげんする | ichigen suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 一言すれ | いちげんすれ | ichigen sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 一言せよ¹ 一言しろ² |
いちげんせよ¹ いちげんしろ² |
ichigen seyo¹ ichigen shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 一言される | いちげんされる | ichigen sareru | |
Causative | 一言させる 一言さす |
いちげんさせる いちげんさす |
ichigen saseru ichigen sasu | |
Potential | 一言できる | いちげんできる | ichigen dekiru | |
Volitional | 一言しよう | いちげんしよう | ichigen shiyō | |
Negative | 一言しない | いちげんしない | ichigen shinai | |
Negative continuative | 一言せず | いちげんせず | ichigen sezu | |
Formal | 一言します | いちげんします | ichigen shimasu | |
Perfective | 一言した | いちげんした | ichigen shita | |
Conjunctive | 一言して | いちげんして | ichigen shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 一言すれば | いちげんすれば | ichigen sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Etymology 3
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
一 | 言 |
ひと Grade: 1 |
こと Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 一 (hito, “one”) + 言 (koto, “word, speech”).[3][2]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- a (single) word, a few words
Idioms
editIdioms
- 一言多い (hitokoto ōi): “a word [too] many” → to say too much, to say something better left unsaid
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Categories:
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