Wiktionary

一

See also: ‐, – [U+2013 EN DASH], - [U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS], − [U+2212 MINUS SIGN], — [U+2014 EM DASH], ー [U+30FC KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK], 丨 [U+4E28 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E28], ㄧ [U+3127 BOPOMOFO LETTER I], ㆪ [U+31AA BOPOMOFO LETTER INN], and 亠 [U+4EA0 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA0]
It-一.png
一 U+4E00, 一
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E00
← ䷿
[U+4DFF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丁 →
[U+4E01]
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

Han characterEdit

Stroke order
 
See images of
Radical 1 一

一 (radical 1, 一+0, 1 stroke, cangjie input 一 (M), four-corner 10000)

  1. Kangxi radical #1, ⼀.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №1

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 75, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1
  • Dae Jaweon: page 129, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 1, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E00

Further readingEdit

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 一:

Wikisource

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 一
alternative forms 壹 financial
弌
𠤪
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 一 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 一 (Cantonese)
  • 一 (Classical)

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 一
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
                     
Oracle bone script
 

j00001

 

j00002

Bronze inscriptions
 

B00001

 

B00002

 

B00003

 

B00004

 

B00005

 

B00006

 

B00007

 

B00008

 

B00009

 

B00010

 

B00011

 

B00012

 

B00013

 

B00014

 

B00015

Small seal script
 

s00001

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L25931

 

L25932

 

L25933

 

L25934

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (一) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
一 *qliɡ
弌 *qliɡ

Ideogram (指事): a horizontal stroke, indicating the number “one”.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔit. Descendants from the *ʔit etymon account for the majority of the dialectal forms for “one” in Chinese (Mandarin, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Hui, Xiang, Yue, Wu groups, etc.).

In Min, an additional unrelated form is found and used as the colloquial reading for “one”. Compare:

Fuzhou/Fuding suoʔ8, Fuqing θyo8, Gutian syøʔ8, Ningde søʔ8, Zhouning sɔʔ8, Putian ɬoʔ8, Xiamen/Quanzhou/Yongchun/Zhangzhou tsit̚8, Leizhou/Haikou ziak8, Longyan tse4, Youxi ɕie7, Jian'ou/Songxi tsi5, Jianyang tsi8.

Whether all of the forms above are related and their origins remain unelucidated; they may be derived from 蜀 (cf. 獨 (“single, alone”)), 隻 (< *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik) or 禃.

Some Fujian dialects use 個 and 寡 for “one”.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • Subject to retrograde tone sandhi (see Wikipedia for details):
    • before fourth tone, pronounced with second tone;
    • before any other tone, pronounced with fourth tone;
    • when final (or at the end of a multi-syllable word), pronounced with the original tone (first tone);
    • when used in a series of numbers, as a part of a number, in dates, or in addresses, pronounced with the original tone (first tone).
  • When used between two reduplicated words, it may be pronounced with neutral tone.
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
    • Note:
    • cì - colloquial;
    • ĭ - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • siŏh - colloquial;
    • ék - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chi̍t - colloquial;
    • it - literary.
    Note:
    • zêg8 - colloquial;
    • ig4, êg4 - literary (ig4 - other places, êg4 - Jieyang).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    Rime
    Character 一
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 質 (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 於悉切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔiɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔit̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔiĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ĭĕt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔi̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yi
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 一
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔjit ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔi[t]/
    English one

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 一
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14833
    Phonetic
    component         		一
    Rime
    group         		質
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		一
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qliɡ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    一

    1. one
      一長一短 / 一长一短  ―  yī cháng yī duǎn  ―  one short and one long
      一死一傷 / 一死一伤  ―  yī sǐ yī shāng  ―  one dead, one injured
      一高一低  ―  yī gāo yī dī  ―  one high and one low
      一天一夜  ―  yī tiān yī yè  ―  one day and one night
      一日一夜 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 jat6 jat1 je6 [Jyutping]  ―  one day and one night
      一左一右  ―  yī zuǒ yī yòu  ―  one left, one right
    2. each; every
      給他們一人一顆蘋果。 [MSC, trad.]
      给他们一人一颗苹果。 [MSC, simp.]
      Gěi tā men yī rén yī kē píngguǒ. [Pinyin]
      Give them an apple each.
    3. single; alone
      獨自一人 / 独自一人  ―  dúzì yī rén  ―  solitary
      專一 / 专一  ―  zhuānyī  ―  single-minded, monogamous
    4. whole; entire; all: throughout
      他們在海灘上玩了一下午。 [MSC, trad.]
      他们在海滩上玩了一下午。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tāmen zài hǎitān shàng wán le yī xiàwǔ. [Pinyin]
      They played the whole afternoon on the beach.
      整整一年都花了24小時。 [MSC, trad.]
      整整一年都花了24小时。 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhěngzhěng yī nián dōu huā le 24 xiǎoshí. [Pinyin]
      All days took 24 hours for a year.
    5. same; identical
      大小不一  ―  dàxiǎo bù yī  ―  not having the same size
      大細不一 / 大细不一 [Cantonese]  ―  daai6 sai3 bat1 jat1 [Jyutping]  ―  not having the same size
    6. (Classical Chinese) another; alternative
      蟋蟀，一名促織 / 蟋蟀，一名促织  ―  xīshuài, yī míng cùzhī  ―  Crickets, also called cùzhī [lit. another name [being] cùzhī].
    7. With the verb modified reduplicated, expressing the transience of the verb:
      1. Indicating that the action has occurred only once
        看一看  ―  kàn yī kàn  ―  to have a look
        望一望 [Cantonese]  ―  mong6 jat1 mong6 [Jyutping]  ―  to have a look
      2. Indicating the intention to try
        算一算  ―  suàn yī suàn  ―  to try to calculate it
        計一計 / 计一计 [Cantonese]  ―  gai3 jat1 gai3 [Jyutping]  ―  to try to calculate it
    8. once; as soon as; upon
      一到OP就卡  ―  yī dào OP jiù kǎ  ―  it slows down once I get to the opening
      我一拍了照片，她就立即成為眾人矚目的焦點。 [MSC, trad.]
      我一拍了照片，她就立即成为众人瞩目的焦点。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ yī pāi le zhàopiàn, tā jiù lìjí chéngwèi zhòngrén zhǔmù de jiāodiǎn. [Pinyin]
      As soon as I took a picture, she ran towards the limelight.
    9. † for the first time; at the beginning
      一見如故 / 一见如故  ―  yījiànrúgù  ―  to hit it off
    10. † surprisingly; unexpectedly
      一至於此 / 一至于此  ―  yīzhìyúcǐ  ―  How did things ever get so far?
    11. (LGBT, slang) a top
      一號 / 一号  ―  yīhào  ―  a top
      alt. forms: 1 (yī)

    Usage notesEdit

    Such yí is grammatically different from other tone sandhis of 一; it is used in the structure 一 + nominal when in places where it can be replaced with 一個／一个 (yī gè), from which it was reduced.

    See alsoEdit

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 一

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (一):
    • → Japanese: 一(いち) (ichi); 一(いつ) (itsu)
    • → Korean: 일 (一, il)
    • → Vietnamese: nhất (一)

    Others:

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    一

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Japanese cardinal numbers
     <  0 1 2  > 
        Cardinal : 一
    Kanji in this term
    一
    いち
    Grade: 1
    goon

    /itɨ/ → /it͡sɨ/ → /it͡ɕɨ/

    From Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).

    The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

    Alternative formsEdit

    • (financial/formal form) 壱, 弌
    • (ancient form) 𪩩

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    一(いち) • (ichi) 

    1. one, 1

    Usage notesEdit

    • 一(いち) is always omitted before 十(じゅう) (jū, “ten”) and 百(ひゃく) (hyaku, “hundred”), but never before the "myriad scale digit names" including 万(まん) (man, “ten thousand”), 億(おく) (oku, “hundred million”), 兆(ちょう) (chō, “trillion”) and their combinations.
    • When before 千(せん) (sen, “thousand”), 一(いち) is omitted when 千(せん) is not directly followed by 万(まん), i.e. not before 千(せん)万(まん) (senman, “ten million”), and the omission is optional.
      千(せん)百(ひゃく)十(じゅう)一(いち)
      senhyakujūichi
      1,111
      百(ひゃく)万(まん)
      hyakuman
      1,000,000
      一(いっ)千(せん)万(まん)
      issenman
      10,000,000
      千(せん)一(いち)万(まん)
      sen'ichiman
      10,010,000
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    NounEdit

    一(いち) • (ichi) 

    1. one, 1
    2. term relating to the number one:
      1. the first in order, foremost
      2. the beginning
      3. the best
      4. a kind of; one of something
      5. (card games) an ace
    3. unity
    4. the bottom string of a shamisen or other Japanese musical instrument
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms
    IdiomsEdit

    AffixEdit

    一(いち) • (ichi) 

    1. one, 1
    2. first, foremost
    3. once
    4. best, number one
    5. bunch, bundle
    6. entirely, wholly
    7. certain one
    8. merely, only
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Proper nounEdit

    一(いち) • (Ichi) 

    1. a surname

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    いつ
    Grade: 1
    kan’on

    /itʉ/ → /it͡sʉ/ → /it͡su/

    From Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).

    The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

    Alternative formsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    一(いつ) • (itsu) 

    1. one
    2. the same
    Derived termsEdit

    AffixEdit

    一(いつ) • (itsu) 

    1. one, 1
    2. first, foremost
    3. group
    4. entirely, wholly
    5. other
    6. merely, only
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Proper nounEdit

    一(いつ) • (Itsu) 

    1. a female given name

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    ひと
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨pi1to2⟩ → */pʲitə/ → /ɸito/ → /hito/

    From Old Japanese.

    Possibly an apophonic form of 二 (futa, “two”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    一(ひと) • (hito) 

    1. one, 1
    Derived termsEdit

    PrefixEdit

    一(ひと) • (hito-) 

    1. one, single
    2. all
    3. a bit
    4. a certain time
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 4Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    ひ
    Grade: 1
    Irregular

    Shortening of hito above.

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    一(ひ) • (hi) 

    1. one, 1

    Etymology 5Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    ひい
    Grade: 1
    Irregular

    Long-pronounced form of hi above.

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    一(ひい) • (hī) 

    1. one, 1

    Etymology 6Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    いい
    Grade: 1
    Irregular

    Borrowing from Mandarin 一 (yī) in the Qing Dynasty.

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    一(イー) • (ī) 

    1. one, 1
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 7Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    はじめ
    Grade: 1
    nanori

    From 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin something”).

    PronunciationEdit

    • (Irregular reading)

    Proper nounEdit

    一(はじめ) • (Hajime) 

    1. a unisex given name
    2. a surname

    Coordinate termsEdit

    Japanese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Regular 零(れい) (rei)
    零(ゼロ) (zero)     		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
    四(し) (shi)     		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
    七(しち) (shichi)     		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
    九(く) (ku)     		十(じゅう) (jū)
    Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
    90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
    Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)     		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
    一(いっ)千(せん) (issen)     		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
    Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
    1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
    一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2006, Lua error: not enough memory (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBNLua error: not enough memory
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, Lua error: not enough memory (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBNLua error: not enough memory

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Lua error: not enough memory Lua error: not enough memory. Recorded as Middle Korean Lua error: not enough memory (Yale: il) in Hunmong Jahoe (Lua error: not enough memory), 1527.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. Hanja form? of Lua error: not enough memory.

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds
    • Lua error: not enough memory
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    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory

    NumeralEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. Lua error: not enough memory one

    ReferencesEdit

    • Lua error: not enough memory (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, Lua error: not enough memory. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    Lua error: not enough memory

    1. Hán tự form of Lua error: not enough memory.
    2. Nôm form of Lua error: not enough memory.
    3. Nôm form of Lua error: not enough memory.

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory
    • Lua error: not enough memory

    ReferencesEdit

    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=一&oldid=59071677"