Open main menu
Wiktionary

一

See also: ‐, – [U+2013 EN DASH], - [U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS], − [U+2212 MINUS SIGN], — [U+2014 EM DASH], ー [U+30FC KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK], 丨 [U+4E28 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E28], ㄧ [U+3127 BOPOMOFO LETTER I], ㆪ [U+31AA BOPOMOFO LETTER INN], and 亠 [U+4EA0 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA0]


一 U+4E00, 一
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E00
← ䷿
[U+4DFF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丁 →
[U+4E01]
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 1 一

一 (radical 1, 一+0, 1 stroke, cangjie input 一 (M), four-corner 10000)

  1. Kangxi radical #1, ⼀.
  2. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №1

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 75, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1
  • Dae Jaweon: page 129, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 1, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E00

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 一
variant forms 壹 financial
弌
 
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 一
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
                   
Oracle bone script
 

j00001

 

j00002

Bronze inscriptions
 

B00001

 

B00002

 

B00003

 

B00004

 

B00005

 

B00006

 

B00007

 

B00008

 

B00009

 

B00010

 

B00011

 

B00012

 

B00013

 

B00014

 

B00015

Small seal script
 

s00001

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L25931

 

L25932

 

L25933

 

L25934

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (一) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
一 *qliɡ
弌 *qliɡ

A horizontal stroke, indicating the number one.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔit. Descendants from the *ʔit etymon account for the majority of the dialectal forms for "one" in Chinese (Mandarin, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Hui, Xiang, Yue, Wu groups, etc.).

In Min, an additional unrelated form is found and used as the colloquial reading for "one". Compare:

Fuzhou/Fuding suoʔ8, Fuqing θyo8, Gutian syøʔ8, Ningde søʔ8, Zhouning sɔʔ8, Putian ɬoʔ8, Xiamen/Quanzhou/Yongchun/Zhangzhou tsit̚8, Leizhou/Haikou ziak8, Longyan tse4, Youxi ɕie7, Jian'ou/Songxi tsi5, Jianyang tsi8.

Whether all of the forms above are related and their origins remain unelucidated; they may be derived from 蜀 (cf. 獨 (“single, alone”)), 隻 (< *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik) or 禃.

Some Fujian dialects use 個 and 寡 for "one".

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • Subject to retrograde tone sandhi (see Wikipedia for details):
    • before fourth tone, pronounced with second tone;
    • before any other tone, pronounced with fourth tone;
    • when final (or at the end of a multi-syllable word), pronounced with the original tone (first tone);
    • when used in a series of numbers, as a part of a number, in dates, or in addresses, pronounced with the original tone (first tone).
  • When used between two reduplicated words, it may be pronounced with neutral tone.
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
    • Note:
    • cì - colloquial;
    • ĭ - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • siŏh - colloquial;
    • ék - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chi̍t - colloquial;
    • it - literary.
    Note:
    • zêg8 - colloquial;
    • ig4, êg4 - literary (ig4 - other places, êg4 - Jieyang).
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 一
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 質 (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 於悉切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔiɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔit̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔiĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ĭĕt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔi̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yi
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 一
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔjit ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔi[t]/
    English one

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 一
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14833
    Phonetic
    component         		一
    Rime
    group         		質
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		一
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qliɡ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    一

    1. one
      • 一長一短 / 一长一短  ―  yī cháng yī duǎn  ―  one short and one long
      • 一死一傷 / 一死一伤  ―  yī sǐ yī shāng  ―  one dead, one injured
      • 一高一低  ―  yī gāo yī dī  ―  one high and one low
      • 一天一夜  ―  yī tiān yī yè  ―  one day and one night
      • 一左一右  ―  yī zuǒ yī yòu  ―  one left, one right
    2. each; every
    3. single; alone
    4. whole; entire; all: throughout
    5. same; identical
      • 大小不一  ―  dàxiǎo bù yī  ―  having different sizes
    6. † another; alternative
      • 蟋蟀，一名促織 / 蟋蟀，一名促织  ―  xīshuài, yī míng cùzhī  ―  Crickets, also called cùzhī [lit. another name [being] cùzhī].
    7. With the verb modified reduplicated, expressing the transience of the verb.
      1. Indicating that the action has occurred only once.
        • 看一看  ―  kàn yī kàn  ―  to have a look
      2. Indicating the intention to try.
        • 算一算  ―  suàn yī suàn  ―  to try to calculate it
    8. once; as soon as; upon
    9. † for the first time; at the beginning
    10. † surprisingly; unexpectedly
    11. (LGBT, slang) top
      alt. forms: 1

    Usage notesEdit

    Address of "one"

    • In Mandarin, when spelling a phone number, one on dice or dominoes, one is pronounced 幺 (yāo). This is similar to the English pronunciation of '0' as 'o' in strings of digits, such as 90210.

    Tone sandhi

    • See pronunciation section for tone sandhi rules in Modern Standard Chinese.
    • In the Beijing dialect, there is a kind of tone sandhi in which 一 is pronounced as yí regardless of the succeeding tone (Tao, 2002):
    Quotation
    Such yí is grammatically different from other tone sandhis of 一; it is used in the structure 一 + noun when in places where it can be replaced with 一個／一个 (yīge), from which it was reduced.

    See alsoEdit

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 一

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (一):

    Others:

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    一

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. one
    2. "one" radical (いち)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Alternative formsEdit

    • (Financial/formal form): 壱
    • (Historical financial/formal form): 弌
    • (Ancient form): 𪩩

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    いち
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi
    Japanese cardinal numbers
     <  0 1 2  > 
        Cardinal : 一

    From Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).

    The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    一 (hiragana いち, rōmaji ichi)

    1. one, 1
    2. term relating to the number one:
      1. first in order, foremost
      2. the beginning
      3. the best
      4. a kind of; one of something
      5. (card games) ace
    3. unity
    4. the bottom string of a shamisen or other Japanese musical instrument
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    NumeralEdit

    一 (hiragana いち, rōmaji ichi)

    1. one, 1

    Proper nounEdit

    一 (hiragana いち, rōmaji Ichi)

    1. a surname
    IdiomsEdit
    Idioms

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    いつ
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).

    The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    一 (hiragana いつ, rōmaji itsu)

    1. one
    2. the same
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    NumeralEdit

    一 (hiragana いつ, rōmaji itsu)

    1. one, 1

    Proper nounEdit

    一 (hiragana いつ, rōmaji Itsu)

    1. a female given name

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    ひと
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    *⟨pi2to2⟩ → */pɨtə/ → /fito/ → /hito/

    From Old Japanese.

    Apophonic form of 二 (futa, “two”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    一 (hiragana ひと, rōmaji hito)

    1. one, 1
    Derived termsEdit

    PrefixEdit

    一 (hiragana ひと, rōmaji hito-)

    1. prefix to nouns and verbs:
      1. one, single
      2. all
      3. a bit
      4. a certain time
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 4Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    ひ
    Grade: 1
    Irregular

    Shortening of hito above.

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    一 (hiragana ひ, rōmaji hi)

    1. one, 1

    Etymology 5Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    ひい
    Grade: 1
    Irregular

    Long-pronounced form of hi above.

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    一 (hiragana ひい, rōmaji hī)

    1. one, 1

    Etymology 6Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    いい
    Grade: 1
    Irregular

    Borrowing from Chinese 一 (yī).

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    一 (katakana イー, katakana イイ, rōmaji ī)

    1. one, 1
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 7Edit

    Kanji in this term
    一
    はじめ
    Grade: 1
    Irregular

    From 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin something”).

    The use of the kanji 一 for "one" is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

    PronunciationEdit

    • (Irregular reading)

    Proper nounEdit

    一 (hiragana はじめ, rōmaji Hajime)

    1. a unisex given name
    2. a surname

    Coordinate termsEdit

    Japanese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Regular 零 (れい) (rei)
    零 (ゼロ) (zero)     		一 (いち) (ichi) 二 (に) (ni) 三 (さん) (san) 四 (よん) (yon)
    四 (し) (shi)     		五 (ご) (go) 六 (ろく) (roku) 七 (なな) (nana)
    七 (しち) (shichi)     		八 (はち) (hachi) 九 (きゅう) (kyū)
    九 (く) (ku)     		十 (じゅう) (jū)
    Formal 壱 (いち) (ichi) 弐 (に) (ni) 参 (さん) (san) 拾 (じゅう) (jū)
    90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
    Regular 九 (きゅう)十 (じゅう) (kyūjū) 百 (ひゃく) (hyaku)
    一 (いっ)百 (ぴゃく) (ippyaku)     		三 (さん)百 (びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六 (ろっ)百 (ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八 (はっ)百 (ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千 (せん) (sen)
    一 (いっ)千 (せん) (issen)     		三 (さん)千 (ぜん) (sanzen) 八 (はっ)千 (せん) (hassen) 一 (いち)万 (まん) (ichiman) 一 (いち)億 (おく) (ichioku)
    Formal 一 (いち)萬 (まん) (ichiman)
    1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
    一 (いっ)兆 (ちょう) (itchō) 八 (はっ)兆 (ちょう) (hatchō) 十 (じゅっ)兆 (ちょう) (jutchō) 一 (いっ)京 (けい) (ikkei) 六 (ろっ)京 (けい) (rokkei) 八 (はっ)京 (けい) (hakkei) 十 (じゅっ)京 (けい) (jukkei) 百 (ひゃっ)京 (けい) (hyakkei)

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    一 (eumhun 하나 일 (hana il))

    1. one

    NumeralEdit

    一 • (il) (hangeul 일)

    1. one

    VietnameseEdit

    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=一&oldid=53140590"