See also: [U+2010 HYPHEN], [U+2013 EN DASH], - [U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS], [U+2212 MINUS SIGN], [U+2014 EM DASH], [U+30FC KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK], [U+31D0 CJK STROKE H], [U+4E28 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E28], [U+3127 BOPOMOFO LETTER I], [U+31AA BOPOMOFO LETTER INN], [U+3161 HANGUL LETTER EU], and [U+4EA0 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA0]

U+4E00, 一
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E00
䷿
[U+4DFF]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E01]
U+2F00, ⼀
KANGXI RADICAL ONE
[unassigned: U+2EF4–U+2EFF]

[U+2EF3]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F01]
U+3220, ㈠
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ONE
[unassigned: U+321F]

[U+321E]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+3221]
U+3280, ㊀
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ONE

[U+327F]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+3281]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order (Sans-serif)
 
Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

Han characterEdit

Stroke order
 

(Kangxi radical 1, +0, 1 stroke, cangjie input 一 (M), four-corner 10000)

  1. Kangxi radical #1, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №1

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 75, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1
  • Dae Jaweon: page 129, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 1, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E00

Further readingEdit

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for :

Wikisource

ChineseEdit

 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)
  • (Classical)

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Hanjian (compiled in Song) Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Tang Stone Classics Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Regular script Ming typeface
                                 





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogram (指事): a horizontal stroke, indicating the number “one”.

Etymology 1Edit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms financial
ancient
𠤪
𭍶

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔit. Descendants from the *ʔit etymon account for the majority of the dialectal forms for “one” in Chinese (Mandarin, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Hui, Xiang, Yue, Wu groups, etc.).

PronunciationEdit


Note:
  • Subject to retrograde tone sandhi (see Wikipedia for details):
    • before fourth tone, pronounced with second tone;
    • before any other tone, pronounced with fourth tone;
    • when final (or at the end of a multi-syllable word), pronounced with the original tone (first tone);
    • when used in a series of numbers, as a part of a number, in dates, or in addresses, pronounced with the original tone (first tone).
  • When used between two reduplicated words, it may be pronounced with neutral tone.
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /i⁵⁵/
    Harbin /i⁴⁴/
    Tianjin
    Jinan /i²¹³/
    Qingdao /i⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /i²⁴/
    Xi'an /i²¹/
    Xining /i⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /i¹³/
    Lanzhou /i¹³/
    Ürümqi /i²¹³/
    Wuhan /i²¹³/
    Chengdu /i²¹/
    Guiyang /i²¹/
    Kunming /i⁴²/
    Nanjing /iʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ieʔ⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /ieʔ²/
    Pingyao
    Hohhot /iəʔ³⁴/
    Wu Shanghai /iɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /iɪʔ⁴/
    Hangzhou /iɪʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /iai³²³/
    /i³²³/
    Hui Shexian /i³³/
    Tunxi /iʔ⁵⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /i²⁴/
    Xiangtan /i²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /it̚⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /it̚¹/
    Taoyuan
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐt̚⁵/
    Nanning /iət̚⁵/
    Hong Kong /iɐt̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /it̚³²/
    /tsit̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /eiʔ²³/
    /suɔʔ⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /i²⁴/
    /tsi⁴²/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ik̚²/
    Haikou (Min Nan)

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (34)
    Final () (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʔiɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʔit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ʔjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʔit̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ʔiĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ĭĕt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʔi̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    yi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jat1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ʔjit ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ʔi[t]/
    English one

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14833
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qliɡ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. one
        ―  cháng duǎn  ―  one short and one long
        ―  shāng  ―  one dead, one injured
        ―  gāo   ―  one high and one low
        ―  tiān   ―  one day and one night
      [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 jat6 jat1 je6 [Jyutping]  ―  one day and one night
        ―  zuǒ yòu  ―  one left, one right
    2. each; every
      蘋果 [MSC, trad.]
      苹果 [MSC, simp.]
      Gěi tā men rén yī kē píngguǒ. [Pinyin]
      Give them an apple each.
    3. single; alone
      獨自独自  ―  dúzì rén  ―  a solitary person, one person
        ―  zhuān  ―  single-minded, monogamous
    4. whole; entire; all: throughout
      他們海灘下午 [MSC, trad.]
      他们海滩下午 [MSC, simp.]
      Tāmen zài hǎitān shàng wán le xiàwǔ. [Pinyin]
      They played the whole afternoon on the beach.
    5. same; identical
      大小  ―  dàxiǎo bù  ―  not having the same size
      大細大细 [Cantonese]  ―  daai6 sai3 bat1 jat1 [Jyutping]  ―  not having the same size
    6. (Classical Chinese) another; alternative
      蟋蟀促織蟋蟀促织  ―  Xīshuài, míng cùzhī.  ―  Crickets, also called cùzhī [lit. another name [being] cùzhī].
    7. (formal) certain aforementioned
      旋律 [MSC, trad.]
      旋律 [MSC, simp.]
      “xuánlǜ” cí zhōng de “xuán” zì [Pinyin]
      the character within the word 旋律
    8. With the verb modified reduplicated, expressing the transience of the verb:
      1. Indicating that the action has occurred only once
          ―  kàn kàn  ―  to have a look
        [Cantonese]  ―  mong6 jat1 mong6 [Jyutping]  ―  to have a look
      2. Indicating the intention to try
          ―  suàn suàn  ―  to try to calculate it
        [Cantonese]  ―  gai3 jat1 gai3 [Jyutping]  ―  to try to calculate it
    9. once; as soon as; upon
      OP  ―  dào OP jiù kǎ.  ―  It slows down once I get to the opening.
      照片立即成為眾人矚目焦點 [MSC, trad.]
      照片立即成为众人瞩目焦点 [MSC, simp.]
      pāi le zhàopiàn, tā jiù lìjí chéngwèi zhòngrén zhǔmù de jiāodiǎn. [Pinyin]
      As soon as I took a picture, she ran towards the limelight.
    10. for the first time; at the beginning
      見如故见如故  ―  jiànrúgù  ―  to hit it off
    11. surprisingly; unexpectedly
      至於此至于此  ―  zhìyúcǐ  ―  How did things ever get so far?
    12. (gay slang) top
        ―  hào  ―  a top
    13. (Cantonese, cant, euphemistic) to die
    Usage notesEdit
    SynonymsEdit
    Alternative formsEdit
    • (top): 1
    See alsoEdit
    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫小写)
    ,
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)
    亿 (Taiwan)
    萬億万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫大写)

    QuotationsEdit

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:一.

    CompoundsEdit

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (いち) (ichi); (いつ) (itsu)
    • Korean: 일(一) (il)
    • Vietnamese: nhất ()

    Others:

    Etymology 2Edit

    simp. and trad.

    PronunciationEdit

    DefinitionsEdit

    1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note low ti (7̣).
    SynonymsEdit
    • (Cantonese opera)

    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 3Edit

    simp. and trad.
    alternative forms

    Form used as the colloquial reading for “one” in most Min varieties: Fuzhou/Fuding suoʔ8, Fuqing θyo8, Gutian syøʔ8, Ningde søʔ8, Zhouning sɔʔ8, Putian ɬoʔ8, Xiamen/Quanzhou/Yongchun/Zhangzhou tsit̚8, Leizhou/Haikou ziak8, Longyan tse4, Youxi ɕie7, Jian'ou/Songxi tsi5, Jianyang tsi8. Whether all of the forms above are related and their origins remain unelucidated; they may be derived from (cf. (single, alone); often written when read with the colloquial reading), (< *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik) or . Some Fujian dialects use and for “one”.

    PronunciationEdit


    DefinitionsEdit

    (Min)

    1. one
    2. each; every
    3. whole; entire; all

    Etymology 4Edit

    simp. and trad.

    Contraction of 一個 (yī gè) (Zhou, 1998).

    PronunciationEdit


    DefinitionsEdit

    1. (Beijing) one
    Usage notesEdit
    • This is pronounced as regardless of the succeeding tone (Tao, 2002). It is grammatically different from other tone sandhis of ; it is used directly with a nominal without a classifier.

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Japanese cardinal numbers
     <  0 1 2  >
        Cardinal :
    Kanji in this term
    いち
    Grade: 1
    goon

    /itɨ//it͡sɨ//it͡ɕɨ/

    From Middle Chinese (MC ʔiɪt̚).

    The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

    Compare modern Hokkien reading it.

    Alternative formsEdit

    • (financial/formal form) ,
    • (ancient form) 𪩩

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    (いち) (ichi

    1. one, 1
    Usage notesEdit
    • (いち) (ichi) is always omitted before (じゅう) (, ten) and (ひゃく) (hyaku, hundred), but never before the "myriad scale digit names" including (まん) (man, ten thousand), (おく) (oku, hundred million), (ちょう) (chō, trillion) and their combinations.
    • When before (せん) (sen, thousand), (いち) (ichi) is omitted when (せん) (sen) is not directly followed by (まん) (man), i.e. not before (せん)(まん) (senman, ten million), and the omission is optional.
      (せん)(ひゃく)(じゅう)(いち)
      senhyakujūichi
      1,111
      (ひゃく)(まん)
      hyakuman
      1,000,000
      (いっ)(せん)(まん)
      issenman
      10,000,000
      (せん)(いち)(まん)
      sen'ichiman
      10,010,000

    NounEdit

    (いち) (ichi

    1. one, 1
    2. term relating to the number one:
      1. the first in order, foremost
      2. the beginning
      3. the best
      4. a kind of; one of something
      5. (card games) an ace
    3. unity
    4. the bottom string of a shamisen or other Japanese musical instrument
    IdiomsEdit

    SuffixEdit

    (いち) (-ichi

    1. the best in …; the most in …
      ()(きゅう)()(らく)()(ちゅう)(いち)
      Chikyū no goraku wa uchū-ichi!
      The entertainments on the earth are the best in the universe!
      ()(かい)(いち)かわいい
      Sekai-ichi kawaii yo.
      It's the cutest in the world.

    AffixEdit

    (いち) (ichi

    1. one, 1
    2. first, foremost
    3. once
    4. best, number one
    5. bunch, bundle
    6. entirely, wholly
    7. certain one
    8. merely, only

    Proper nounEdit

    (いち) (Ichi

    1. a surname

    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    いつ
    Grade: 1
    kan’on

    /itʉ//it͡sʉ//it͡su/

    From Middle Chinese (MC ʔiɪt̚).

    The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

    Alternative formsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (いつ) (itsu

    1. one
    2. the same

    AffixEdit

    (いつ) (itsu

    1. one, 1
    2. first, foremost
    3. group
    4. entirely, wholly
    5. other
    6. merely, only

    Proper nounEdit

    (いつ) (Itsu

    1. a female given name

    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    ひと
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨pi1to2 → */pʲitə//ɸito//hito/

    From Old Japanese.

    Related to (futa, two), which is its double.[3] Compare (mi, three) and (mu, six), (yo, four) and (ya, eight).

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    (ひと) (hito

    1. one, 1

    PrefixEdit

    (ひと) (hito-

    1. one, single
    2. all
    3. a bit
    4. a certain time

    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 4Edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    nanori

    Shortening of hito above.

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    () (hi

    1. one, 1

    Etymology 5Edit

    Kanji in this term
    ひい
    Grade: 1
    irregular

    Long-pronounced form of hi above.

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    (ひい) (

    1. one, 1

    Etymology 6Edit

    Kanji in this term
    いい
    Grade: 1
    irregular

    Borrowing from Mandarin in the Qing Dynasty.

    PronunciationEdit

    NumeralEdit

    (イー) (ī

    1. one, 1
    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 7Edit

    Kanji in this term
    はじめ
    Grade: 1
    nanori

    From 始め (hajime, beginning, first), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 始める (hajimeru, to begin something).

    PronunciationEdit

    Proper nounEdit

    (はじめ) (Hajime

    1. a unisex given name
    2. a surname
    Coordinate termsEdit
    Japanese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    Regular (れい) (rei)
    (ゼロ) (zero)
    (いち) (ichi) () (ni) (さん) (san) (よん) (yon)
    () (shi)
    () (go) (ろく) (roku) (なな) (nana)
    (しち) (shichi)
    (はち) (hachi) (きゅう) (kyū)
    () (ku)
    (じゅう) ()
    Formal (いち) (ichi) () (ni) (さん) (san) (じゅう) ()
    90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
    Regular (きゅう)(じゅう) (kyūjū) (ひゃく) (hyaku)
    (いっ)(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)
    (さん)(びゃく) (sanbyaku) (ろっ)(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) (はっ)(ぴゃく) (happyaku) (せん) (sen)
    (いっ)(せん) (issen)
    (さん)(ぜん) (sanzen) (はっ)(せん) (hassen) (いち)(まん) (ichiman) (いち)(おく) (ichioku)
    Formal (いち)(まん) (ichiman)
    1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
    (いっ)(ちょう) (itchō) (はっ)(ちょう) (hatchō) (じゅっ)(ちょう) (jutchō) (いっ)(けい) (ikkei) (ろっ)(けい) (rokkei) (はっ)(けい) (hakkei) (じゅっ)(けい) (jukkei) (ひゃっ)(けい) (hyakkei)

    ReferencesEdit

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    3. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    Korean numbers (edit)
    10
    [a], [b] ←  0 1 2  → 10  →
        Native isol.: 하나 (hana)
        Native attr.: (han)
        Sino-Korean: (il)
        Hanja:
        Ordinal: 첫째 (cheotjjae)

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese (MC ʔiɪt̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅙᅵᇙ〮 (Yale: qílq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄒᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: hón) 일〮 (Yale: íl)

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (han il))

    1. Hanja form? of (one).

    CompoundsEdit