一
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TranslingualEdit
Stroke order | |||
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Alternative formsEdit
Han characterEdit
Stroke order | |||
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一 (radical 1, 一+0, 1 stroke, cangjie input 一 (M), four-corner 10000)
- Kangxi radical #1, ⼀.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №1
Derived charactersEdit
Related charactersEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 75, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1
- Dae Jaweon: page 129, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 1, character 1
- Unihan data for U+4E00
Further readingEdit
ChineseEdit
simp. and trad. |
一 | |
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alternative forms | 壹 financial 弌 𠤪 𭍶 蜀 Min colloquial |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 一 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Libian (compiled in Qing) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Ideogram (指事): a horizontal stroke, indicating the number “one”.
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔit. Descendants from the *ʔit etymon account for the majority of the dialectal forms for “one” in Chinese (Mandarin, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Hui, Xiang, Yue, Wu groups, etc.).
However, Min also has an additional unrelated form used as the colloquial reading for “one”: Fuzhou/Fuding suoʔ8, Fuqing θyo8, Gutian syøʔ8, Ningde søʔ8, Zhouning sɔʔ8, Putian ɬoʔ8, Xiamen/Quanzhou/Yongchun/Zhangzhou tsit̚8, Leizhou/Haikou ziak8, Longyan tse4, Youxi ɕie7, Jian'ou/Songxi tsi5, Jianyang tsi8. Whether all of the forms above are related and their origins remain unelucidated; they may be derived from 蜀 (cf. 獨 (“single, alone”); often written when read with the colloquial reading), 隻 (< *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik) or 禃. Some Fujian dialects use 個 and 寡 for “one”.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
一
- one
- 一長一短 / 一长一短 ― yī cháng yī duǎn ― one short and one long
- 一死一傷 / 一死一伤 ― yī sǐ yī shāng ― one dead, one injured
- 一高一低 ― yī gāo yī dī ― one high and one low
- 一天一夜 ― yī tiān yī yè ― one day and one night
- 一日一夜 [Cantonese] ― jat1 jat6 jat1 je6 [Jyutping] ― one day and one night
- 一左一右 ― yī zuǒ yī yòu ― one left, one right
- each; every
- single; alone
- whole; entire; all: throughout
- 《一生不變》 / 《一生不变》 [Literary Cantonese] ― “jat1 saang1 bat1 bin3” [Jyutping] ― "Unchanging Throughout a Lifetime" (a 1989 song by Hacken Lee)
- same; identical
- (Classical Chinese) another; alternative
- With the verb modified reduplicated, expressing the transience of the verb:
- once; as soon as; upon
- † for the first time; at the beginning
- † surprisingly; unexpectedly
- (LGBT, slang) a top
Usage notesEdit
- In Mandarin, when spelling “one” as a phone number, on dice, or in dominoes, one is often pronounced 幺 (yāo). This is similar to the English pronunciation of “0” as “o” in strings of digits, such as 90210.
- See pronunciation section for tone sandhi rules in Modern Standard Chinese. Also see Category:Mandarin words containing 一 undergoing tone sandhi and Category:Mandarin words containing 一 not undergoing tone sandhi.
- In the Beijing dialect, there is a kind of tone sandhi in which 一 is pronounced as yí regardless of the succeeding tone (Tao, 2002):
- Such yí is grammatically different from other tone sandhis of 一; it is used in the structure 一 + nominal when in places where it can be replaced with 一個/一个 (yī gè), from which it was reduced.
See alsoEdit
- 幺 (yāo) (when spelling one as a phone number)
Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万 | 億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
CompoundsEdit
See 一/derived terms § Chinese.
DescendantsEdit
Others:
- → Ahom: 𑜒𑜢𑜄𑜫 (ʼit)
- → Bouyei: idt
- → Lao: ເອັດ (ʼet)
- → Shan: ဢဵတ်း (ʼét)
- → Thai: เอ็ด (èt)
- → Zhuang: it
ReferencesEdit
- “一”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00001
- “Entry #2”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: いち (ichi, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: いつ (itsu, Jōyō)
- Kun: ひと (hito, 一, Jōyō); ひとつ (hitotsu, 一つ, Jōyō)
- Nanori: い (i); いっ (i'); いる (iru); おさむ (osamu)←をさむ (wosamu, historical); か (ka); かず (kazu); かた (kata); かつ (katsu); かづ (kazu); くに (kuni); すすむ (susumu); ただ (tada); ち (chi); つかさ (tsukasa); てん (ten); のぶ (nobu); はじむ (hajimu); はじめ (hajime); ひ (hi); ひじ (hiji)←ひぢ (fidi, historical); ひで (hide); ひとし (hitoshi); ひとつ (hitotsu); まこと (makoto); まさし (masashi); もと (moto)
CompoundsEdit
See 一/derived terms § Japanese.
Etymology 1Edit
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
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Cardinal : 一 | ||
Kanji in this term |
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一 |
いち Grade: 1 |
goon |
/itɨ/ → /it͡sɨ/ → /it͡ɕɨ/
From Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
Usage notesEdit
- 一 is always omitted before 十 (jū, “ten”) and 百 (hyaku, “hundred”), but never before the "myriad scale digit names" including 万 (man, “ten thousand”), 億 (oku, “hundred million”), 兆 (chō, “trillion”) and their combinations.
- When before 千 (sen, “thousand”), 一 is omitted when 千 is not directly followed by 万, i.e. not before 千万 (senman, “ten million”), and the omission is optional.
- 千百十一
- senhyakujūichi
- 1,111
- 百万
- hyakuman
- 1,000,000
- 一千万
- issenman
- 10,000,000
- 千一万
- sen'ichiman
- 10,010,000
- 千百十一
NounEdit
- one, 1
- term relating to the number one:
- unity
- the bottom string of a shamisen or other Japanese musical instrument
IdiomsEdit
SuffixEdit
AffixEdit
- one, 1
- first, foremost
- once
- best, number one
- bunch, bundle
- entirely, wholly
- certain one
- merely, only
Proper nounEdit
- a surname
Derived termsEdit
See 一/derived terms § Japanese pronunciation 1.
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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一 |
いつ Grade: 1 |
kan’on |
/itʉ/ → /it͡sʉ/ → /it͡su/
From Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
AffixEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a female given name
Derived termsEdit
See 一/derived terms § Japanese pronunciation 2.
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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一 |
ひと Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨pi1to2⟩ → */pʲitə/ → /ɸito/ → /hito/
From Old Japanese.
Possibly an apophonic form of 二 (futa, “two”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
PrefixEdit
Derived termsEdit
See 一/derived terms § Japanese pronunciation 3.
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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一 |
ひ Grade: 1 |
Irregular |
Shortening of hito above.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
Etymology 5Edit
Kanji in this term |
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一 |
ひい Grade: 1 |
Irregular |
Long-pronounced form of hi above.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
Etymology 6Edit
Kanji in this term |
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一 |
いい Grade: 1 |
Irregular |
Borrowing from Mandarin 一 (yī) in the Qing Dynasty.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
Derived termsEdit
See 一/derived terms § Japanese pronunciation 4.
Etymology 7Edit
Kanji in this term |
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一 |
はじめ Grade: 1 |
nanori |
From 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin something”).
PronunciationEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a unisex given name
- a surname
Coordinate termsEdit
Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 一 (MC ʔiɪt̚).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅙᅵᇙ〮 (Yale: qílq) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄒᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: hón) | 일〮 (Yale: íl) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [iɭ]
- Phonetic hangeul: [일]
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
一: Hán Việt readings: nhất[1][2][3][4], nhứt[3][5][4]
一: Nôm readings: nhất[1][2][3], nhắt[1][6], nhứt[2]
CompoundsEdit
See 一/derived terms § Vietnamese.