大宛

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (大宛)		大	宛
simp. #(大宛)		大	宛

Etymology

Pulleyblank (1966, pp. 22, 27) notices that the "old" suggestion based on the name of Greeks – cf. Ancient Greek Ἴων (Íōn, “Ionian”), Sanskrit यवन (yavana) – had been unsatisfactory, an observation also acknowledged by Yu (1998, p. 68); see references therein. Possible Indo-Iranian origin and cognacy with the Ancient Greek word-forms Τόχαροι (Tókharoi) or Τάχοροι (Tákhoroi) have been suggested; see etymologies thereof.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Dàyuān

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄩㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ jyun¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Dàyuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄩㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Dàyuan
    • Wade–Giles: Ta⁴-yüan¹
    • Yale: Dà-ywān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dahiuan
    • Palladius: Даюань (Dajuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵¹ ɥɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: daai⁶ jyun¹
    • Yale: daaih yūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ jyn¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ yun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² jyːn⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dajH 'jwon

Rime
Character	大	宛
Reading #	1/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	徒蓋切	於袁切
Baxter	dajH	'jwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑiH/	/ʔʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑiH/	/ʔʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑiH/	/ʔiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dajH/	/ʔuan/
Li Rong	/dɑiH/	/ʔiuɐn/
Wang Li	/dɑiH/	/ĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑiH/	/ʔi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài	yuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daai6	jyun1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*daːds  qon/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	大	宛
Reading #	2/2	1/2
No.	1939	16284
Phonetic component	大	夗
Rime group	祭	元
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	大	鴛
Old Chinese	/*daːds/	/*qon/

Proper noun

大宛

1. (historical) Dayuan (an ancient country in Central Asia)

Noun

大宛

1. (literary) fine horse (from Dayuan)