大
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
大 (radical 37, 大+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大 (K), four-corner 40030 or 40800, composition ⿻一人 or ⿸𠂇㇏)
- Kangxi radical #37, ⼤.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/大
- 达, 庆 (Simplified from 達, 慶)
- 㐲, 𠯈, 𡉑, 𡚻, 㣕, 忕, 𢪂, 汏, 𭥏, 杕, 𣧂, 𬌚, 𭾚, 𮀋, 𬚓, 𮕨, 𮗹, 軑(轪), 釱, 馱(驮), 𬵃(𬶃), 㕦, 戻, 旲, 芖, 因
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 248, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5831
- Dae Jaweon: page 492, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 520, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5927
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
大 | |
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| alternative forms | 亣 𠘲 | |
Glyph originEdit
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| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Clerical script |
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Ideogram (指事): a person 人 with arms stretched out as far as possible, implying the meaning of big/great/large.
Compare with 尢, which is a man with bent legs.
Compare also 文, which is a man with arms outstretched and a crest or tattoo on his chest, and to 夭, which is a man with arms outstretched and leaning to side (running).
EtymologyEdit
Three pronunciations can be found in Modern Standard Mandarin:
- Modern dà, from Middle Chinese dɑH, from Old Chinese *lˤaːts. The phonological development from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese is irregular. Original sense: "big" (Shijing). Derived senses: "size" (Mozi), "thick" (Zhuangzi), "to respect" (Mengzi), "to respect" (Xunzi), "to extol" (Gongyang Zhuan), "to exaggerate" (Classic of Rites), "arrogant" (Guoyu), "good" (I Ching), "(of time) long" (Erya), "senior" (Shijing).
- Modern dài, from Middle Chinese dɑiH, from Old Chinese *lˤaːts. This Middle Chinese pronunciation-preserving (i.e. literary) pronunciation occurs only in compounds such as 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”) and 大王 (dàiwang, “(in operas, old novels) king; ringleader”).
- Modern tài, from Middle Chinese tʰɑiH, from Old Chinese *l̥ˤaːts. This is the ancient form of 太 (tài, “too, excessively”) and this orthographical usage is obsolete in modern languages.
Pronunciation 2), the diphthong reading, is traditionally regarded as the correct one. However, the monophthong reading 1) has been recorded as early as Han Dynasty, and Sui-Tang rhyme books record both. Both readings are reflected in Sino-xenic readings in non-Sinitic languages, although the diphthong readings dominate in compounds. Axel Schüssler postulates that all pronunciations can eventually be traced back to liquid initials, i.e. 1,2) **laːts, 3) **hlaːts.
The three pronunciations are cognate. Within Chinese, they are cognate with 太 (OC *tʰaːds, “too, excessively”), 泰 (OC *tʰaːds, “big”). Wang (1982) also lists 誕 (OC *l'aːnʔ, “big, magniloquent, ridiculous”) as a cognate, which Schuessler (2007) suggests is cognate with 延 (OC *lan, *lans, “to extend”) instead. There are no unambiguous Tibeto-Burman cognates. Proto-Tibeto-Burman *taj (“big”), from which came Written Tibetan མཐེ་བོ (mthe bo, “thumb”), Anong tʰɛ (“big; large; great”), Mikir tʰè, ketʰè ("id."), Burmese တယ် (tai, “very”), is often compared with. There is no final –s in the Tibeto-Burman words, but a –y, which, according to James Matisoff, "indicates emergent quality in stative verbs". Also compare Chinese 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl, “many, much”), 都 (OC *taː, “all”).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
大
- of great size; big; large; huge
- big; great
- great of its kind
- in an extreme manner; greatly
- 大哭 ― dà kū ― to cry violently
- 大吃一驚 / 大吃一惊 ― dàchīyījīng ― to be greatly shocked
- 大不相同 ― dà bù xiàngtóng ― to be greatly different
- 你可不知道，他昨兒過來大折騰了一場。好家伙，差點兒沒把這兒拆嘍！ [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
- Nǐ kě bù zhīdào, tā zuór guòlai dà zhēteng le yī chǎng. Hǎojiāhuo, chàdiǎnr méi bǎ zhèr chāi lou! [Pinyin]
- You don't even know, yesterday he came over and wildly stirred up trouble. Oh my God, he almost tore this place apart!
你可不知道，他昨儿过来大折腾了一场。好家伙，差点儿没把这儿拆喽！ [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
- main; major
- well-known; successful (only applied to some occupations)
- mature; grown up
- (Cantonese) to grow up
- (Cantonese) to be older than
- (dialectal) father
- (dialectal) father's elder or younger brother
- (Cantonese) small
- (Cantonese, slang) to intimidate; to threaten
- (Cantonese, euphemistic) number two
- Short for 大學／大学 (dàxué, “university”). Used only in the abbreviation of the name.
- 北大 ― Běidà ― Peking University
- 45th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "greatness" (𝌲)
- A surname.
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
大
- Used in 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”).
- Used in 大城 (Dàichéng, “Daicheng, Hebei”).
- Used in 大王 (dàiwáng, “(in operas, old novels) king; ringleader”).
CompoundsEdit
Pronunciation 3Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 大 – see 太 (“too; so; etc.”). (This character, 大, is an ancient form of 太.) |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 大 – see 泰 (“big; large; great; extensive; etc.”). (This character, 大, is an ancient form of 泰.) |
ReferencesEdit
- “大”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00848
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: だ (da); だい (dai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: た (ta); たい (tai, Jōyō)
- Kun: おお (ō, 大, Jōyō)←おほ (ofo, historical); おおきい (ōkii, 大きい, Jōyō); おおいに (ōini, 大いに, Jōyō)←おほいに (ofoini, historical)
- Nanori: うふ (ufu); お (o); た (ta); たかし (takashi); とも (tomo); はじめ (hajime); ひろ (hiro); ひろし (hiroshi); ふとし (futoshi); まさ (masa); まさる (masaru); もと (moto); ゆたか (yutaka); わ (wa)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 大 |
| だい Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 大 (MC dɑiH).
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
- big, large
- 大ピンチ
- dai-pinchi
- tremendous crisis
- 大ヒットする
- dai-hitto suru
- to become a smash hit
- 大ピンチ
- the large part of
- (religion) arch-
SuffixEdit
- Abbreviation of 大学 (daigaku, “university”).
- 東大 ― Tōdai ― Tokyo Univ.
- 阪大 ― Handai ― Osaka Univ.
- 北大 ― Hokudai ― Hokkaido Univ.
- 北陸大 ― Hokurikudai ― Hokuriku Univ.
Usage notesEdit
This is often the first half two-character shorthand name of universities, for example 東大 (Tōdai, “Tokyo University”). Reading of first character often changes from kun'yomi to on'yomi.
Derived termsEdit
- See 大/derived terms § Dai.
- See 大/derived terms § Tai.
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 大 |
| おお Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/opo/ → /ofo/ → /owo/ → /oː/
From Old Japanese 大 (opo), from Proto-Japonic *əpə.
PrefixEdit
Derived termsEdit
- See 大/derived terms § Ō.
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 大 (MC dɑiH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 땡〮 (Yale: ttáy) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 크다 (Yale: khuta) | 대 (Yale: tay) |
PronunciationEdit
- (in 大口, 大邱, 大斗, 大文, and 大田):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɛ] ~ [te̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [대/데]
- (big; main; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɛ(ː)] ~ [te̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [대(ː)/데(ː)]
- Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *opo, from Proto-Japonic *əpə.
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
VietnameseEdit
Hán tựEdit
大: Hán Việt readings: đại (
大: Nôm readings: đại[1][2][3][4], đài[1][2], dãy[3][5], dảy[3], đẫy[3]