大
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
大 (radical 37, 大+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大 (K), four-corner 40030 or 40800, composition ⿻一人)
- Kangxi radical #37, ⼤.
Derived charactersEdit
- Index:Chinese radical/大
- 达, 庆 (Simplified from 達, 慶)
- 㐲, 𠯈, 𡉑, 𡚻, 㣕, 忕, 𢪂, 汏, 𭥏, 杕, 𣧂, 𬌚, 𭾚, 𮀋, 𬚓, 𮕨, 𮗹, 軑(轪), 釱, 馱(驮), 𬵃(𬶃), 㕦, 戻, 旲, 芖, 因
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 248, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5831
- Dae Jaweon: page 492, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 520, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5927
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
大 | |
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Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 大 | ||||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (大) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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| Old Chinese | |
| 馱 | *daːl, *daːds |
| 大 | *daːds, *daːds |
| 忕 | *tʰaːds, *daːds, *djads |
| 太 | *tʰaːds |
| 汰 | *tʰaːds |
| 汏 | *daːds, *tʰaːd |
| 軑 | *daːds, *deːds |
| 釱 | *daːds, *deːds |
| 达 | *tʰeːds |
| 杕 | *deːds |
Ideogram (指事): a person 人 with arms stretched out as far as possible, implying the meaning of big/great/large.
Compare with 尢, which is a man with bent legs.
Compare also 文, which is a man with arms outstretched and a crest or tattoo on his chest, and to 夭, which is a man with arms outstretched and leaning to side (running).
EtymologyEdit
Three pronunciations can be found in Modern Standard Chinese:
- Modern dà, from Middle Chinese dɑH, from Old Chinese *lˤaːts. The phonological development from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese is irregular. Original sense: "big" (Shijing). Derived senses: "size" (Mozi), "thick" (Zhuangzi), "to respect" (Mengzi), "to respect" (Xunzi), "to extol" (Gongyang Zhuan), "to exaggerate" (Classic of Rites), "arrogant" (Guoyu), "good" (I Ching), "(of time) long" (Erya), "senior" (Shijing).
- Modern dài, from Middle Chinese dɑiH, from Old Chinese *lˤaːts. This Middle Chinese pronunciation-preserving (i.e. literary) pronunciation occurs only in compounds such as 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”) and 大王 (dàiwang, “(in operas, old novels) king; ringleader”).
- Modern tài, from Middle Chinese tʰɑiH, from Old Chinese *l̥ˤaːts. This is the ancient form of 太 (tài, “too, excessively”) and this orthographical usage is obsolete in modern languages.
Pronunciation 2), the diphthong reading, is traditionally regarded as the correct one. However, the monophthong reading 1) has been recorded as early as Han Dynasty, and Sui-Tang rhyme books record both. Both readings are reflected in Sino-xenic readings in non-Sinitic languages, although the diphthong readings dominate in compounds. Axel Schüssler postulates that all pronunciations can eventually be traced back to liquid initials, i.e. 1,2) **laːts, 3) **hlaːts.
The three pronunciations are cognate. Within Chinese, they are cognate with 太 (OC *tʰaːds, “too, excessively”), 泰 (OC *tʰaːds, “big”), 誕 (OC *l'aːnʔ, “big, magniloquent, ridiculous”). There are no unambiguous Tibeto-Burman cognates. Proto-Tibeto-Burman *taj (“big”), from which came Written Tibetan མཐེ་བོ (mthe bo, “thumb”), Nung tʰɛ ("big, large, great"), Mikir tʰè, ketʰè ("id."), Burmese တယ် (tai, “very”), is often compared with. There is no final –s in the Tibeto-Burman words, but a –y, which, according to James Matisoff, "indicates emergent quality in stative verbs". Also compare Chinese 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl, “many, much”), 都 (OC *taː, “all”).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
大
- of great size; big; large; huge
- Antonyms: 小 (xiǎo)
- big; great
- great of its kind
- in a extreme manner; greatly
- 大哭 ― dà kū ― to cry violently
- main; major
- well-known; successful (only applied to some occupations)
- mature; grown up
- ⇒ 老
- (dialectal) father
- (dialectal) father's elder or younger brother
- (Cantonese) small
- (Cantonese, slang) to intimidate; to threaten
- (Cantonese, euphemistic) number two
- Short for 大學／大学 (dàxué, “university”). Used only in the abbreviation of the name.
- 北大 ― Běidà ― Peking University
- 45th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "greatness" (𝌲)
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
大
- Used in 大夫 (dàifu, “doctor”).
- Used in 大城 (Dàichéng, “Daicheng, Hebei”).
- Used in 大王 (dàiwáng, “(in operas, old novels) king; ringleader”).
CompoundsEdit
Pronunciation 3Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 大 – see 太 (“too; so; etc.”). (This character, 大, is an ancient form of 太.) |
DescendantsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: だ (da); だい (dai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: た (ta); たい (tai, Jōyō)
- Kun: おお (ō, 大, Jōyō)←おほ (ofo, historical); おおきい (ōkii, 大きい, Jōyō); おおいに (ōini, 大いに, Jōyō)←おほいに (ofoini, historical)
- Nanori: うふ (ufu); お (o); た (ta); たかし (takashi); とも (tomo); はじめ (hajime); ひろ (hiro); ひろし (hiroshi); ふとし (futoshi); まさ (masa); まさる (masaru); もと (moto); ゆたか (yutaka); わ (wa)
CompoundsEdit
- 大安 (taian, “lucky day”)
- 大意 (taii, “schema”)
- 大陰唇 (daiinshin, “labia majora”)
- 大家族 (daikazoku, “extended family”)
- 大河小説 (taiga shōsetsu, “saga novel”)
- 大火 (taika, “large fire”)
- 大会 (taikai, “convention; rally”)
- 大海 (taikai, “ocean”)
- 大学 (daigaku, “university”)
- 大寒 (daikan, “midwinter”)
- 大観 (taikan, “broad overview”)
- 大気 (taiki, “atmosphere”)
- 大規模 (daikibo, “large-scale”)
- 大儀 (taigi, “state ceremony”)
- 大義 (taigi, “justice”)
- 大逆 (taigyaku, “high treason”)
- 大挙 (taikyo, “in force”)
- 大虚 (taikyo, “Taikyo”)
- 大局 (taikyoku, “general situation”)
- 大群 (taigun, “large herd; large flock; large crowd”)
- 大軍 (taigun, “large army”)
- 大系 (taikei, “compendium”)
- 大言壮語 (taigensōgo, “boasting; bragging”)
- 大工 (daiku, “carpenter”)
- 大綱 (taikō, “fundamental principals; general outline”)
- 大黒天 (daikokuten, “god of wealth”)
- 大根 (daikon, “daikon”)
- 大佐 (taisa, “colonel; navy captain”)
- 大差 (taisa, “great difference”)
- 大罪 (daizai, “serious crime”)
- 大使 (taishi, “ambassador”)
- 大志 (taishi, “ambition”)
- 大事 (daiji, “important; serious”)
- 大樹 (taiju, “huge tree”)
- 大衆 (taishū, “general public”)
- 大暑 (taisho, “midsummer's day”)
- 大将 (taishō, “general; admiral”)
- 大小 (daishō, “various sizes; large and small; a pair of swords worn together”)
- 大丈夫 (daijōbu, “all right; okay; safe”)
- 大食 (taishoku, “gluttony”)
- 大臣 (daijin, “cabinet minister”)
- 大西洋 (taiseiyō, “Atlantic Ocean”)
- 大切 (taisetsu, “important; valuable”)
- 大戦 (taisen, “great battle; great war”)
- 大前庭腺 (daizenteisen, “Bartholin's gland”)
- 大胆 (daitan, “bold; daring”)
- 大動脈 (daidōmyaku, “aorta”)
- 大同小異 (daidōshōi, “with only minor differences”)
- 大統領 (daitōryō, “president”)
- 大脳 (dainō, “brain”)
- 大名 (daimyō, “feudal lord”)
- 大洋 (taiyō, “ocean”)
- 大理石 (dairiseki, “marble”)
- 大陸 (tairiku, “continent”)
- 大量 (tairyō, “a large amount”)
- 大人 (otona, “adult”)
- 大邱 (Tegu, “Daegu”)
- 大和 (Yamato, “Yamato”)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 大 |
| だい Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 大 (MC dɑiH).
PronunciationEdit
PrefixEdit
- big, large
- 大ピンチ
- dai-pinchi
- tremendous crisis
- 大ヒットする
- dai-hitto suru
- to become a smash hit
- 大ピンチ
- the large part of
- university
- (religion) arch-
Usage notesEdit
This is often the first half two-character shorthand name of universities, for example 東大 (Tokyo University, “Tōdai”)
Derived termsEdit
- 大主教 (daishukyō, “archbishop”)
- 大天使 (daitenshi, “archangel”)
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 大 |
| おお Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
/opo/ → /ofo/ → /owo/ → /oː/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *əpə.
PrefixEdit
大 (hiragana おお, rōmaji ō-, historical hiragana おほ)
Derived termsEdit
- 大きい (ōkī, “big, large, broad, immense”)
- 大きな (ōkina, “big, large”)
- 多く (ōku, “mostly, a lot, majority”)
- 大字 (ōaza, “larger section of a village”)
- 大穴 (ōana, “large hole, deficit”)
- 大海原 (ō-unabara)
- 大海 (ōumi, “ocean; fabric pattern”)
- 大火事 (ō-kaji, “big fire”)
- 大河 (ōkawa, “river”)
- 大君 (ōkimi, “emperor; king”)
- 大口 (ōguchi, “large amount; big mouth; big talk”)
- 大喧嘩 (ō-genka, “big fight”)
- 大阪 (Ōsaka)
- 大騒ぎ (ō-sawagi)
- 大潮 (ōshio, “spring or flood tide”)
- 大地震 (ō-jishin, “huge earthquake”)
- 大関 (ōzeki, “second highest sumo rank”)
- 大掃除 (ō-sōji, “through cleanups”)
- 大騒動 (ō-sōdō, “huge mess”)
- 大道具 (ō-dōgu, “stage settings”)
- 大幅 (ōhaba, “full-width; drastic”)
- 大判 (ōban, “big size”)
- 大様 (ōyō, “large-hearted; generous”)
- 大業 (ōwaza, “great feat”)
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
大 • (dae, tae)
- Large.
CompoundsEdit
- 방대 (厖大, bangdae)
- 대음순 (大陰脣, daeeumsun, “labia majora”)
- 적소성대 (積小成大, jeoksoseongdae)
- 전권대사 (全權大使, jeon-gwondaesa)