祭

TranslingualEdit

Alternative formsEdit

In Japanese handwriting, the diagonals of the upper right component cross: the short upper-right to lower-left stroke crosses the long upper-left to lower-right stroke, rather than abutting there.

Han characterEdit

祭 (radical 113, 示+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月人一一火 (BOMMF), four-corner 2790₁)

Derived charactersEdit

傺㡜際 (际) 摖漈憏暩磜穄縩鰶蔡察瘵

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 843, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24700
Dae Jaweon: page 1263, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2397, character 7
Unihan data for U+796D

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		祭
alternative forms		𥙊

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 祭
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (祭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蔡	*sʰlaːds
瘵	*ʔsreːds
祭	ʔsreːds, ʔsleds
際	*ʔsleds
穄	*ʔsleds
鰶	*ʔsleds
傺	*hr'eds
摖	*sʰleːds
擦	*sʰlaːd
攃	sʰlaːd, saːd
礤	*sʰlaːd
察	*sʰreːd
詧	sʰreːd, sʰeːd

Ideogrammic compound (會意): ⺼ (“meat”) + 又 (“hand”) + 示 (“altar, ceremony”) – the hand offers a piece of meat at the altar during a ceremony.

The top is not related to but may be corrupted to 癶 in calligraphy and handwriting. The left part is ⺼ twisted to the left (compare 將, 然). The right part is a form of 又.

Pronunciation 1Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zai³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chi
Min Bei (KCR): ci̿
Min Dong (BUC): cié
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chè

(Teochew, Peng'im): zi³
Wu (Wiktionary): ji (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zai³
  - Yale: jai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chi
  - Hakka Romanization System: ji
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ji⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ci̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cié
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɛ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
  - Tâi-lô: tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zex
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zi³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ji (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 祭
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕi²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡si⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡si³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡si⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕi³⁵/ /t͡sei³⁵/ ～先人
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡si⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sei⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡si³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡se⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡si⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡si⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡si⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡si⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɐi³³/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐi³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɐi³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡se²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡si²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡si³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡si²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/t͡si³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /t͡siᴇi^H/

Rime
Character	祭
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子例切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjæi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siaj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]et-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	祭
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]et-s/
English	sacrifice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	祭
Reading #	2/2
No.	5839
Phonetic component	祭
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	祭
Old Chinese	/*ʔsleds/

DefinitionsEdit

祭

to make offerings to; to sacrifice to; to worship
a ceremony where one offers sacrifices to one's ancestors

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 祭

祭丁
祭主
祭五臟廟／祭五脏庙
祭亡如在
祭享
祭儀／祭仪
祭典 (jìdiǎn)
祭司 (jìsī)
祭告 (jìgào)
祭品 (jìpǐn)
祭器 (jìqì)
祭塔
祭墳／祭坟
祭壇／祭坛 (jìtán)
祭天 (jìtiān)
祭奠 (jìdiàn)
祭妹文
祭孔 (jìkǒng)
祭尸
祭弔／祭吊
祭弔文／祭吊文
祭悼
祭拜 (jìbài)
祭掃／祭扫
祭文 (jìwén)
祭旗
祭月
祭服
祭東施娘／祭东施娘

祭桌
祭灶 (jìzào)
祭灶神
祭物 (jìwù)
祭獻／祭献 (jìxiàn)
祭王爺／祭王爷
祭祀 (jìsì)
祭祖 (jìzǔ)
祭禮／祭礼 (jìlǐ)
祭禱／祭祷
祭酌
祭酒 (jìjiǔ)
籩祭／笾祭
練祭／练祭
臘祭／腊祭
致祭 (zhìjì)
薦新祭／荐新祭
虞祭
蜡祭
血祭
豐年祭／丰年祭 (fēngniánjì)
路祭
遙祭／遥祭
郊祭 (jiāojì)
野祭
野祭巷哭
陪祭
雩祭
雪祭

Pronunciation 2Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Zhài (Zhai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai³
Min Dong (BUC): Cái
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): zê³ / zi³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Zhài
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chai⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jay
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jhài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaai³
  - Yale: jaai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡säːi̯³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Cái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑi²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zê³ / zi³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsè / tsì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se²¹³/, /t͡si²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃˠɛi^H/

Rime
Character	祭
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側界切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃɐi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃɐi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂăi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhài

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts](ˤ)re[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	祭
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhài
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrɛj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts](ˁ)re[t]-s/
English	(name of a state)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.