幼稚園

See also: 幼稚园

Chinese edit

		very young; childish; naive very young; childish; naive; puerile; infantile	garden
trad. (幼稚園)		幼稚	園
simp. (幼稚园)		幼稚	园

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yòuzhìyuán

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˋ ㄓˋ ㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau³ zi⁶ jyun^4-2, jau³ zi⁶ jyun⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yiu¹ zi⁵ yon^3*
Gan (Wiktionary): iu⁴ ci⁵ yon⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yu-chṳ̂-yèn / yu-chhṳ̂-yèn / yô-chi-én / yu-chṳ̂-yàn / yu-chhṳ̂-yàn

(Meixian, Guangdong): yu⁴ ci¹ yan²
Northern Min (KCR): iū-cĭ-hûing
Eastern Min (BUC): éu-dê-huòng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iù-tī-hn̂g / iù-tī-hûiⁿ / iù-tī-oân
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵ieu-zy-yoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yòuzhìyuán → yòuzhiyuán (toneless variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˋ ㄓˋ ㄩㄢˊ → ㄧㄡˋ ˙ㄓㄩㄢˊ (toneless variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yòujhi̊hyuán
  - Wade–Giles: yu⁴-chih⁵-yüan²
  - Yale: yòu-jr-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yow.jyhyuan
  - Palladius: ючжиюань (jučžijuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/ → /joʊ̯⁵¹ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau³ zi⁶ jyun^4-2, jau³ zi⁶ jyun⁴
  - Yale: yau jih yún, yau jih yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau³ dzi⁶ jyn^4-2, jau³ dzi⁶ jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo³ ji⁶ yun^4-2, yeo³ ji⁶ yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯³³ t͡siː²² jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/, /jɐu̯³³ t͡siː²² jyːn²¹/

Note: jau3 zi6 jyun4 - rare.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yiu¹ zi⁵ yon^3*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiu³³ t͡si³² jᵘɔn²²⁻²²⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: iu⁴ ci⁵ yon⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu³⁵ t͡sʰz̩¹¹ yɵn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu-chṳ̂-yèn / yu-chhṳ̂-yèn / yô-chi-én
  - Hakka Romanization System: iu zii´ ienˇ / iu cii´ ienˇ / io´ ji en`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yiu⁴ zi¹ yan² / yiu⁴ ci¹ yan² / yo¹ ji⁴ en³
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯u⁵⁵ t͡sɨ²⁴ i̯en¹¹/, /i̯u⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ²⁴ i̯en¹¹/, /i̯o²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵⁵ en³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yu-chṳ̂-yàn / yu-chhṳ̂-yàn / yô-chi-én
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu zii´ (r)ianˇ / (r)iu cii´ (r)ianˇ / (r)io´ ji en`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yiu⁴ zi¹ yan² / yiu⁴ ci¹ yan² / yo¹ ji⁴ en³
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u⁵⁵ t͡sɨ²⁴ (j)i̯an¹¹/, /(j)i̯u⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ²⁴ (j)i̯an¹¹/, /(j)i̯o²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵⁵ en³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yu⁴ ci¹ yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /iu⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ian¹¹/

Note: yô-chi-én - from Japanese pronunciation.

Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iū-cĭ-hûing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵⁵ t͡si²⁴ xuiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: éu-dê-huòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu²¹³⁻²¹ ^(t-)li²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(h-)uoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iù-tī-hn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: iù-tī-hn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iuo'dixhngg
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iu²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ hŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iu¹¹⁻⁵³ ti³³⁻¹¹ hŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²¹⁻⁴¹ ti³³⁻²¹ hŋ̍²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹⁻²² hŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iù-tī-hûiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: iù-tī-huînn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iuo'dixhvuii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ huĩ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iù-tī-oân
  - Tâi-lô: iù-tī-uân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iuo'dixoaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iu²¹⁻⁵³ ti²²⁻²¹ uan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /iu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ti⁴¹⁻²² uan²⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵ieu-zy-yoe
  - MiniDict: ieu^去 zy yoe
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ieu-zr-hhyoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɤ³³ zz̩⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

Noun edit

幼稚園

(Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Southeast Asia; dated or dialectal in Mainland China) kindergarten; nursery school

Synonyms edit

學前班／学前班 (xuéqiánbān)
幼兒園／幼儿园 (yòu'éryuán) (chiefly Mainland China)
幼稚班 (Malaysian Hokkien, Mandalay Taishanese)

Dialectal synonyms of 幼兒園 (“kindergarten; nursery school; preschool”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		幼兒園
Mandarin	Beijing	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
	Taiwan	幼稚園
	Tianjin	幼兒園
	Chengde	幼兒園
	Tangshan	幼兒園
	Cangzhou	幼兒園
	Baoding	幼兒園
	Shijiazhuang	幼兒園
	Chifeng	幼兒園
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	幼兒園
	Heihe	幼兒園
	Qiqihar	幼兒園
	Harbin	幼兒園
	Jiamusi	幼兒園
	Baicheng	幼兒園
	Changchun	幼兒園
	Tonghua	幼兒園
	Shenyang	幼兒園
	Dandong	幼兒園, 幼兒院, 幼稚園兒 dated
	Jinzhou	幼兒園, 幼稚園兒 dated
	Dalian	幼兒園
	Yantai	幼兒園
	Yantai (Muping)	幼兒園
	Qingdao	幼兒園, 幼稚園兒 dated
	Lijin	幼兒園兒
	Zhucheng	幼兒園
	Jinan	幼兒園
	Jining	幼兒園兒
	Wanrong	幼兒院
	Shangqiu	幼兒園
	Yuanyang	幼兒園
	Zhengzhou	幼兒園
	Lingbao	幼兒園
	Xinyang	幼兒園
	Baihe	幼兒園
	Hanzhong	幼兒園
	Xi'an	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
	Baoji	幼兒園
	Yinchuan	幼兒園
	Tianshui	幼兒園
	Lanzhou	幼兒園
	Dunhuang	幼兒園
	Xining	幼兒園
	Hami	幼兒園
	Ürümqi	幼兒園
	Wuhan	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
	Yichang	幼兒園
	Xiangyang	幼兒園
	Tianmen	幼兒園
	Hong'an	幼兒園
	Chengdu	幼兒園
	Nanchong	幼兒園
	Dazhou	幼兒園
	Hanyuan	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
	Xichang	幼兒園
	Zigong	幼兒園
	Chongqing	幼兒園
	Guiyang	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
	Zunyi	幼兒園
	Bijie	幼兒園
	Liping	幼兒園
	Zhaotong	幼兒園
	Dali	幼兒園
	Kunming	幼兒園
Mengzi	幼兒園
Guilin	幼兒園
Liuzhou	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
Jishou	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
Changde	幼兒園
Anqing	幼兒園
Xuzhou	幼兒園兒, 幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
Fuyang	幼兒園
Wuhu	幼兒園
Yangzhou	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
Lianyungang	幼兒園
Lianshui	幼兒園
Nanjing	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
Hefei	幼兒園
Nantong	幼兒園
Malaysia	幼稚園
Singapore	幼稚園
Cantonese	Guangzhou	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
	Hong Kong	幼稚園 kindergarten, 幼兒園 nursery
	Taishan	幼兒園, 幼稚園
	Taishan (Guanghai)	幼兒園
	Dongguan	幼兒園
	Mandalay (Taishan)	幼稚班
Gan	Nanchang	幼稚園
	Lichuan	幼兒園
	Pingxiang	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
Hakka	Meixian	幼稚園, 幼兒園
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	幼稚園 dated
	Yudu	幼兒園
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	幼稚園
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	幼稚園
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	幼稚園
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	幼稚園
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	幼稚園
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	幼稚園
	Hong Kong	幼稚園
Huizhou	Shexian	幼兒園
Jin	Taiyuan	幼兒園, 幼兒院
	Yangyuan	幼兒園
	Datong	幼兒園
	Xinzhou	幼兒園
	Lishi	幼兒園
	Linfen	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
	Changzhi	幼兒園
	Linhe	幼兒園
	Jining	幼兒園
	Hohhot	幼兒園
	Erenhot	幼兒院
	Pingshan	幼兒園
	Zhangjiakou	幼兒園
	Handan	幼兒院
	Linzhou	幼兒園
	Suide	幼兒園
Northern Min	Jian'ou	幼兒園, 幼稚園
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	幼稚園
Southern Min	Xiamen	幼稚園, 幼兒園
	Quanzhou	幼稚園, 幼兒園
	Zhangzhou	幼稚園, 幼兒園
	Zhao'an	幼兒園
	Penang (Hokkien)	幼稚班
	Singapore (Hokkien)	幼稚班
	Manila (Hokkien)	幼稚園
	Shantou	幼兒園
	Haikou	幼兒園
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	幼兒院, 幼兒園
Wu	Shanghai	幼稚園, 幼兒園
	Shanghai (Chongming)	幼兒院
	Suzhou	幼兒園
	Danyang	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
	Hangzhou	幼兒園
	Ningbo	幼兒園, 幼稚園 dated
	Jinhua	幼兒班, 幼稚院 dated
Xiang	Changsha	幼兒園
Xiang	Loudi	幼兒園

References edit

Chanicha Kidprasert (2016-03-21) 泰国华语与汉语普通话书面语差异研究 [The Difference of Writing Pattern between Thai “Huayu” and Mandarin] (PhD) (in Chinese), Harbin: Heilongjiang University

Japanese edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

幼稚園

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Kindergarten

Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
幼	稚	園
よう Grade: 6	ち Grade: S	えん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology edit

Compound of 幼稚 (yōchi, “infantile”) +‎ 園 (en, “garden”).^[1]^[2]^[3] The term is apparently a calque of German Kindergarten (“children's garden”), as Japanese yōchien were started in 1876 based on the German model initiated by Friedrich Fröbel in 1837 and on the term Kindergarten that he coined in 1840.^[2]^[3]

First cited in Japanese to 1876.^[4]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) よーちえん [yòóchíꜜèǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]
IPA^(key): [jo̞ːt͡ɕiẽ̞ɴ]

Noun edit

幼(よう)稚(ち)園(えん) • (yōchien) ^{←えうちゑん (eutiwen)^?}

[from 1876] a kindergarten

Related terms edit

保(ほ)育(いく)園(えん) (hoikuen, “a nursery school, a preschool”)

References edit

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ “幼稚園”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
幼	稚	園

Noun edit

幼稚園 • (yuchiwon or McCune-Reischauer: yuch'iwŏn or Yale: yuchiwen) (hangeul 유치원)

Hanja form^? of 유치원 (“kindergarten”).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
幼	稚	園

Noun edit

幼稚園

chữ Hán form of ấu trĩ viên (“kindergarten”).

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[KDJ2-4] “幼稚園”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]