園

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 220, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4818
Dae Jaweon: page 451, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 723, character 4
Unihan data for U+5712

ChineseEdit

trad.		園
simp.		园^*

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 園
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (袁) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
薳	*ɢʷalʔ
袁	*ɢʷan
園	*ɢʷan
轅	*ɢʷan
猿	*ɢʷan
榬	*ɢʷan
溒	*ɢʷan
遠	ɢʷanʔ, ɢʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷan): semantic 囗 (“fence”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ

(Chengdu, SP): yuan²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йүан (yüan, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun⁴, jyun^4-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yon³
Gan (Wiktionary): yon⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn

(Meixian, Guangdong): yan²
Jin (Wiktionary): ye¹
Min Bei (KCR): hṳ̂ing
Min Dong (BUC): huòng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hn̂g / hûiⁿ / oân

(Teochew, Peng'im): hng⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): ³hhyoe
Xiang (Wiktionary): yenn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²
  - Yale: ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuánr
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuánr
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²-ʼrh
  - Yale: ywánr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yual
  - Palladius: юаnр (juanr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɑɻ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yuan²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yan²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йүан (yüan, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴, jyun^4-2
  - Yale: yùhn, yún
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴, jyn^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴, yun^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔn²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: yon⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yɵn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ye¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ye¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̂ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Taichung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: hn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hngg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hŋ̍²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen, Klang): /hŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huînn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvuii
  - IPA (Yilan): /huĩ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /huĩ²¹³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huĩ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Nan'an, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
  - Tâi-lô: uân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Nan'an, Hui'an, Taipei): /uan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /uan²¹³/

Note:

hn̂g/hûiⁿ - vernacular;
oân - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hng⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hn̂g
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hŋ⁵⁵/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ³hhyoe
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦyø²³/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: yenn²
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /yẽ¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 園
Mandarin	Beijing	/yan³⁵/
	Harbin	/yan²⁴/
	Tianjin	/yan⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/yã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/yã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/yã²⁴/
	Xining	/yã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/yan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/yɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/yan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/yɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/yan³¹/
	Guiyang	/ian²¹/
	Kunming	/iɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/yen²⁴/
	Hefei	/yĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ye¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ye̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/ye³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦyø²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiø¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦyõ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jy³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ue⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/yɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/yẽ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/yẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/yɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ian¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyn²¹/
	Nanning	/yn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/uan³⁵/ /hŋ̍³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/huoŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xyiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hŋ̍⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zuaŋ³¹/ /hui³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦʉɐn/

Rime
Character	園
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨元切
Baxter	hjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuan/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ɢʷa[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	園
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ɢʷa[n]/
English	garden
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.