| blame; complain | surname; match; mate surname; match; mate; hatred; animosity; enmity; a rival; an enemy; feud | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (怨仇) | 怨 | 仇 | |
| simp. #(怨仇) | 怨 | 仇 | |
| anagram | 仇怨 | ||
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 怨 | 怨 | 仇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 元 (66) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於袁切 | 於願切 | 巨鳩切 |
| Baxter | 'jwon | 'jwonH | gjuw |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʔʉɐn/ | /ʔʉɐnH/ | /ɡɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʔʷiɐn/ | /ʔʷiɐnH/ | /ɡiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʔiuɐn/ | /ʔiuɐnH/ | /ɡiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʔuan/ | /ʔuanH/ | /guw/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʔiuɐn/ | /ʔiuɐnH/ | /ɡiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/ĭwɐn/ | /ĭwɐnH/ | /ɡĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʔi̯wɐn/ | /ʔi̯wɐnH/ | /gi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yuān | yuàn | qiú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
jyun1 | jyun3 | kau4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 怨 | 仇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yuàn | qiú |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ʔjwonH › | ‹ gjuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ʔ]o[r]-s/ | /*[ɡ](r)u/ |
| English | resentment | mate (*n.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 怨 | 怨 | 仇 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 16286 | 16305 | 6944 |
| Phonetic component |
夗 | 夗 | 九 |
| Rime group |
元 | 元 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
3 | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
鴛 | 怨 | 𧚍 |
| Old Chinese |
/*qon/ | /*qons/ | /*ɡu/ |
怨仇