See also:
U+4EC7, 仇
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC7

[U+4EC6]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4EC8]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 9, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人大弓 (OKN), four-corner 24217, composition )

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 355
  • Dae Jaweon: page 193, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 109, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4EC7

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms “resentment”

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡu) : semantic (person) + phonetic (OC *kuʔ) – spouse.

Pronunciation 1 edit



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰou³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰou²⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴⁵/
/t͡sʰou⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
Qingdao /tʃʰou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰou²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰɯ²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰəu²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰəu³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰəu²¹/ ~恨
/t͡ɕʰiəu²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰəu³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰəɯ²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰɯ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəu¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰəu¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zɤ²³/
Suzhou /zɤ¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zei²¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑɤu³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂəu¹³/
Xiangtan /ɖ͡ʐəɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨu²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /su¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐu²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐu²¹/
Hong Kong /sɐu²¹/
/t͡sʰɐu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sieu⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰiu²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /siu³¹/
/sɔu³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/guw/
Li
Rong
/ɡiu/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qiú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
kau4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiú
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ](r)u/
English mate (*n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6944
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
𧚍
Old
Chinese
/*ɡu/

Definitions edit

  1. hatred; enmity; resentment
  2. enemy; foe; adversary
  3. to make reprisals; to retaliate
  4. to proofread; to check against the original

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡiu/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/guw/
Li
Rong
/ɡiu/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qiú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
kau4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qiú
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ](r)u/
English mate (*n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6944
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
𧚍
Old
Chinese
/*ɡu/

Definitions edit

  1. companion; peer
  2. spouse; mate
  3. a surname

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
あだ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

(あだ) (ada

  1. foe, enemy

Etymology 2 edit

Noun edit

(かたき) (kataki

  1. Alternative form of

References edit

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

(eum (gu))

  1. enemy
  2. hate, hatred
  3. enmity

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

: Hán Nôm readings: cừu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.