鳩

鳩 U+9CE9, 鳩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CE9 ← 鳨 [U+9CE8] CJK Unified Ideographs 鳪 → [U+9CEA]

See also: 鸠

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

鳩 (radical 196 鳥+2, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大弓竹日火 (KNHAF), four-corner 4702₇, composition ⿰九鳥)

1. pigeon
2. collect, assemble

Derived charactersEdit

• 𤄄

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1481, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46648
• Dae Jaweon: page 2013, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4613, character 13
• Unihan data for U+9CE9

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ChineseEdit

trad.		鳩
simp.		鸠
alt. forms		䲥 𩾛

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 鳩
Large seal script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (九) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
尻	*kʰuː
訄	*kʰuː, *kʰu, *ɡu
艽	*krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw, *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
虓	*qʰruː
鳩	*ku
勼	*ku
九	*kuʔ
究	*kus
仇	*ɡu
鼽	*ɡu
犰	*ɡu
叴	*ɡu
厹	*ɡu
頄	*ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
朹	*ɡu, *kʷrɯwʔ
馗	*ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw
扏	*ɡu
訅	*ɡu
釚	*ɡu
肍	*ɡu
軌	*kʷrɯwʔ
宄	*kʷrɯwʔ
氿	*kʷrɯwʔ
匭	*kʷrɯwʔ
泦	*kuɡ
旭	*qʰʷoɡ

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiū, qiāng (jiu¹, qiang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡ, ㄑㄧㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kau¹, gau¹
• Min Nan (POJ): kiu / khiu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jiū
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡ
    • Wade-Giles: chiu¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiou
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: qiāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'iang¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kau¹, gau¹
    • Yale: kāu, gāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kau¹, gau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: keo¹, geo¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵/

Note:

• kau1 - common for non-vulgar senses;
• gau1 - common for vulgar senses.

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiu
    • Tâi-lô: kiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiw
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiu
    • Tâi-lô: khiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiw
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiu⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨu/▼

Rime
Character	鳩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/kiu/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuw/
Li Rong	/kiu/
Wang Li	/kĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiū

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[k](r)u/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ku/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鳩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiū
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[k](r)u/
English	(a kind of bird)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鳩
Reading #	1/1
No.	6939
Phonetic component	九
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	鳩
Old Chinese	/*ku/

DefinitionsEdit

鳩

1. animals in Columbidae
2. (Cantonese, vulgar) Alternative form of 㞗 (gau¹).

CompoundsEdit

• 尸鳩之仁／尸鸠之仁
• 尸鳩之平／尸鸠之平
• 斑頸鳩／斑颈鸠
• 斑鳩／斑鸠 (bānjiū, “turtledove”)
• 斑鳩跌彈／斑鸠跌弹
• 班鳩跌彈／班鸠跌弹
• 雉鳩／雉鸠
• 雎鳩／雎鸠 (jūjiū)
• 鳩佔鵲巢／鸠占鹊巢
• 鳩僭鵲巢／鸠僭鹊巢
• 鳩占鵲巢／鸠占鹊巢

• 鳩合／鸠合
• 鳩嗚／鸠呜
• 鳩奪鵲巢／鸠夺鹊巢
• 鳩居／鸠居
• 鳩居鵲巢／鸠居鹊巢
• 鳩工／鸠工
• 鳩工庀材／鸠工庀材
• 鳩形鵠面／鸠形鹄面
• 鳩拙／鸠拙
• 鳩斂／鸠敛
• 鳩杖／鸠杖

• 鳩槃荼／鸠盘荼
• 鳩率／鸠率
• 鳩集／鸠集
• 鳲鳩／鸤鸠
• 鳴鳩／鸣鸠
• 鵠面鳩形／鹄面鸠形
• 鵲巢鳩占／鹊巢鸠占
• 鵲笑鳩舞／鹊笑鸠舞
• 鶻鳩／鹘鸠
• 鷽鳩笑鵬／鷽鸠笑鹏

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

鳩

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. pigeon, dove
2. (in compounds) to gather together (from the way that pigeons flock together)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: く (ku)
• Kan’on: きゅう (kyū), (historical) きう (kiu)
• Kun: はと (hato)
• Nanori: やす (yasu)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

• 鳩居 (きゅうきょ) (kyūkyo): a pigeon in a magpie's nest; living in a rented house or apartment
• 鳩合 (きゅうごう) (kyūgō): flocking together
• 鳩舎 (きゅうしゃ) (kyūsha): a dovecote
• 鳩車 (きゅうしゃ) (kyūsha): a pigeon cart: a kind of toy pigeon with wheels on it
• 鳩首 (きゅうしゅ) (kyūshu): putting heads together, consulting in a group

EtymologyEdit

鳩 (hato): a pigeon, a dove.

Kanji in this term
鳩
はと Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Possibly onomatopoeia from the hatahata sound of a dove or pigeon's wings in flight.

PronunciationEdit

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) は​と [háꜜtò] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠to̞]

Alternative formsEdit

• 鴿

NounEdit

鳩 (hiragana はと, katakana ハト, rōmaji hato)

1. a pigeon, a dove: a bird of genus Columba

Usage notesEdit

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana in biological contexts, as ハト.

IdiomsEdit

Idioms

• 鳩 (はと)が豆鉄砲 (まめてっぽう)を食 (く)ったよう (hato ga mameteppō o kutta yō): “like a pigeon that ate a peashooter” → dumbfounded, taken by surprise

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

• 鳩車 (はとぐるま) (hatoguruma): a pigeon cart: a kind of toy pigeon with wheels on it
• 鳩小屋 (はとごや) (hatogoya): a dovecote
• 鳩根性 (はとこんじょう) (hato konjō): “pigeon-spirited” → appearing composed while harboring resentment
• 鳩座 (はとざ) (Hato-za): the Dove or Columba constellation
• 鳩酒 (はとざけ) (hatozake): an old kind of medicine, wherein a pigeon would be tenderized and the bones broken, then the whole carcass would be covered in sake and miso and stewed, purportedly used to treat back pain and poor circulation in the extremities
• 鳩染 (はとぞめ) (hatozome): “pigeon dyeing” → dyeing, or something dyed, in the colors of the turtledove or Japanese green pigeon
• 鳩派 (はとは) (hatoha): (politics) the doves (proponents of peace; as opposed to the hawks, proponents of war)
• 鳩羽色 (はとばいろ) (hatobairo): “pigeon-wing color” → a dark blue-gray
• 鳩笛 (はとぶえ) (hatobue): a pigeon flute: a flute used to imitate the call of the dove
• 鳩吹 (はとふき) (hatofuki): a dove call, a lure to imitate the call of the dove
• 鳩吹 (はとふ)く (hatofuku): to make a dove call, such as by blowing a kind of whistle formed by one's cupped hands
• 鳩麦 (はとむぎ) (hatomugi): “pigeon barley” → Job's tears, tear grass
• 鳩胸 (はとむね) (hatomune): pigeon-breasted (similar to the way a pigeon's chest is puffed out); (medical) pectus carinatum

ReferencesEdit

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

鳩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune-Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

鳩 (cưu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.