鳩
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
鳩 (radical 196, 鳥+2, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大弓竹日火 (KNHAF), four-corner 47027, composition ⿰九鳥)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1481, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46648
- Dae Jaweon: page 2013, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4613, character 13
- Unihan data for U+9CE9
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 鳩 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 鸠 | |
| variant forms | 䲥 𩾛 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 鳩 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
| Characters in the same phonetic series (九) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 尻 | *kʰuː |
| 訄 | *kʰuː, *kʰu, *ɡu |
| 艽 | *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw, *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
| 虓 | *qʰruː |
| 鳩 | *ku |
| 勼 | *ku |
| 九 | *kuʔ |
| 究 | *kus |
| 仇 | *ɡu |
| 鼽 | *ɡu |
| 犰 | *ɡu |
| 叴 | *ɡu |
| 厹 | *ɡu |
| 頄 | *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
| 朹 | *ɡu, *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 馗 | *ɡu, *ɡʷrɯw |
| 扏 | *ɡu |
| 訅 | *ɡu |
| 釚 | *ɡu |
| 肍 | *ɡu |
| 軌 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 宄 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 氿 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 匭 | *kʷrɯwʔ |
| 泦 | *kuɡ |
| 旭 | *qʰʷoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ku): phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(r)əw (“dove, pigeon”) (Benedict, 1974, Schuessler 2007, STEDT). Schuessler observed that owing to *ku's onomatopoeic nature many Sino-Tibtan variant forms arose:
- some with *-r- like Tibetan འང་གུ ('ang gu, “pigeon”), Southern Tujia ko²¹ tsi²¹, Northern Qiang guʴ gu̥ʴ, Mising pəkü, Manipuri kʰu-nu;
- others without medial *-r- like Proto-Lolo-Burmese *m-kruw ~ m-krəw (whence Burmese ချိုး (hkyui:)); and Proto-Kuki-Chin *m-kʰru (whence Mro Chin məkʰru).
In some southern Chinese dialects, 鳩 is pronounced with aspirated initial /kʰ/ due to taboo considerations.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
鳩
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: く (ku)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)←きう (kiu, historical)
- Kun: はと (hato, 鳩); あつめる (atsumeru, 鳩める)
- Nanori: やす (yasu)
CompoundsEdit
EtymologyEdit
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| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鳩 |
| はと Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
Possibly onomatopoeia from the hatahata sound of a dove or pigeon's wings in flight.
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
鳩 (hiragana はと, katakana ハト, rōmaji hato)
Usage notesEdit
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ハト.
IdiomsEdit
- 鳩が豆鉄砲を食ったよう (hato ga mameteppō o kutta yō): “like a pigeon that ate a peashooter” → dumbfounded, taken by surprise
Derived termsEdit
- 鳩車 (hatoguruma): a pigeon cart: a kind of toy pigeon with wheels on it
- 鳩小屋 (hatogoya): a dovecote
- 鳩根性 (hato konjō): “pigeon-spirited” → appearing composed while harboring resentment
- 鳩座 (Hato-za): the Dove or Columba constellation
- 鳩酒 (hatozake): an old kind of medicine, wherein a pigeon would be tenderized and the bones broken, then the whole carcass would be covered in sake and miso and stewed, purportedly used to treat back pain and poor circulation in the extremities
- 鳩染 (hatozome): “pigeon dyeing” → dyeing, or something dyed, in the colors of the turtledove or Japanese green pigeon
- 鳩派 (hatoha): (politics) the doves (proponents of peace; as opposed to the hawks, proponents of war)
- 鳩羽色 (hatobairo): “pigeon-wing color” → a dark blue-gray
- 鳩笛 (hatobue): a pigeon flute: a flute used to imitate the call of the dove
- 鳩吹 (hatofuki): a dove call, a lure to imitate the call of the dove
- 鳩吹く (hatofuku): to make a dove call, such as by blowing a kind of whistle formed by one's cupped hands
- 鳩麦 (hatomugi): “pigeon barley” → Job's tears, tear grass
- 鳩胸 (hatomune): pigeon-breasted (similar to the way a pigeon's chest is puffed out); (medical) pectus carinatum