幽

See also: 豳 and 凼

幽	U+5E7D, 幽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E7D

← 幼
[U+5E7C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

幾 →
[U+5E7E]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

幽 (Kangxi radical 52, 幺+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山女戈戈 (UVII), four-corner 2277₀, composition ⿻山𢆶)

Derived charactersEdit

㗀, 𢰠, 𭱒, 𪴉, 𦂣, 𧍘, 䫜, 𢇑, 𢇕, 𦇵, 𠋔, 𢉾

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 342, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9205
Dae Jaweon: page 651, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1094, character 8
Unihan data for U+5E7D

ChineseEdit

trad.		幽
simp. ^#		幽
2nd round simp.		⿶凵又

Glyph originEdit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯw): 𢆶 + 山.

EtymologyEdit

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Mru [script needed] (iu ~ ʔiu, “dark”) (Löffler, 1966); possibly also related to Tibetan [script needed] (g-yog-pa, “to cover”) & [script needed] (g-yogs, “lid”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Related to 黝 (yǒu), 窅 (yǎo), 杳 (yǎo), 穾, 窔 (yào)

Allofam is probably 窈窕 (OC *qiːwʔ l'eːwʔ) (ibid.).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōu (you¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹
Min Bei (KCR): iú
Min Dong (BUC): hiŭ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): iu

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ / hiu¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: you
  - Wade–Giles: yu¹
  - Yale: yōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iou
  - Palladius: ю (ju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau¹
  - Yale: yāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieu⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu
  - Tâi-lô: iu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiun¹ / hiu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ / hiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³/, /hiu³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 幽
Mandarin	Beijing	/iou⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/iou⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/iou²¹/
	Jinan	/iou²¹³/
	Qingdao	/iou²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/iou²⁴/
	Xi'an	/iou²¹/
	Xining	/iɯ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/iəu⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/iou³¹/
	Ürümqi	/iɤu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/iəu⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/iəu⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/iəu⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/iəu⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/iəɯ³¹/
	Hefei	/iɯ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/iəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/iəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/iɤ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/iɤ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔiø³³/
	Wenzhou	/j̠au³³/
Hui	Shexian	/iu³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/iu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/iəu³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/iəɯ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/iu⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/iu¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐu⁵³/
	Nanning	/jɐu⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jɐu⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/iu⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieu⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/iu⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hĩu³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/iu²³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔiɪu/

Rime
Character	幽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於虯切
Baxter	'jiw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔieu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiw/
Li Rong	/ʔiĕu/
Wang Li	/iəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔieu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ](r)iw/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	幽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjiw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ](r)iw/
English	dark; secluded
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幽
Reading #	1/1
No.	14620
Phonetic component	幽
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	幽
Old Chinese	/*qɯw/
Notes	甲金文從火從二幺會意火微