愆

愆 U+6106, 愆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6106 ← 愅 [U+6105] CJK Unified Ideographs 愇 → [U+6107]

Translingual

Han character

愆 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓心 (HNP), four-corner 2133₂, composition ⿱衍心)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 393, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10900
• Dae Jaweon: page 730, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2322, character 14
• Unihan data for U+6106

Chinese

simp. and trad.		愆
alternative forms		䇂 㥶 諐 𠍴 𠐨 䇂 㥶 諐 𠍴 𠐨 𢝐 𢡊 𧗭 𧗺 𠏘 𠎱 𫺛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (衍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愆	*kʰran
衍	*lanʔ, *lans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰran) : phonetic 衍 (OC *lanʔ, *lans) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiān (qian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hin¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): kiĕng

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cian
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien¹
    • Yale: chyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hin¹
    • Yale: hīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːn⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kiĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰieŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khjen

Rime
Character	愆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去乾切
Baxter	khjen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰian/
Li Rong	/kʰjɛn/
Wang Li	/kʰĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hin1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰra[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰran/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiān
Middle Chinese	‹ khjen ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰra[n]/
English	exceed, err
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愆
Reading #	1/1
No.	14375
Phonetic component	衍
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	愆
Old Chinese	/*kʰran/

Definitions

愆

1. (literary) fault; mistake; error; transgression
2. (literary) to exceed; to surpass; to pass (time); to delay
3. (obsolete) to suffer an intractable illness

Compounds

• 三風十愆／三风十愆
• 不愆
• 乾餱以愆／干糇以愆
• 做愆 (zuò qiān)
• 前愆
• 愆伏
• 愆家
• 愆尤 (qiānyóu)
• 愆序
• 愆德
• 愆忒
• 愆期 (qiānqī)
• 愆滯／愆滞
• 愆痾／愆疴
• 惹禍招愆／惹祸招愆
• 愆程
• 惹罪招愆
• 愆義／愆义
• 愆陽／愆阳
• 愆面 (qiānmiàn)
• 繩愆糾謬／绳愆纠谬
• 罪愆 (zuìqiān)
• 蓋愆／盖愆

 

Further reading

• “愆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

愆

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken)
• Kan-on: けん (ken)
• Kun: あやまる (ayamaru, 愆る)、たがう (tagau, 愆う)

Korean

Hanja

愆 (eum 건 (geon))

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Vietnamese

Han character

愆: Hán Nôm readings: khiền, khiên

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.