Wiktionary

去

去 U+53BB, 去
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53BB
← 厺
[U+53BA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 厼 →
[U+53BC]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

去 (radical 28, 厶+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 土戈 (GI), four-corner 40731, composition ⿱土厶)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 164, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3070
  • Dae Jaweon: page 372, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 384, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+53BB

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 去
alternative forms 㚎
弆

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 去
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
             
Characters in the same phonetic series (去) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
佉 *kʰal
呿 *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab
抾 *kʰɯ, *kʰɯ, *kʰab
弆 *kaʔ, *kʰaʔ
祛 *kʰa
袪 *kʰa
阹 *kʰa
胠 *kʰa, *kʰas, *kʰab
魼 *kʰa, *kʰl'aːb
去 *kʰaʔ, *kʰas
麮 *kʰaʔ, *kʰas
鼁 *kʰas
砝 *kaːb, *kab
劫 *kab, *kab
鉣 *kab
蜐 *kab, *kab
怯 *kʰab

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 大 (“man”) + 口 (“mouth, object”). Top figure simplified to 土, unrelated to 士 (“scholar, gentleman”), while bottom simplified to 厶. There are various interpretations of the combination of “man” and “mouth, object”. One is that the ideograph represented a man with a hole marked in his crotch, and the inventors of writing had perhaps “anus” (i.e. getting rid of) in mind (Schuessler, 2007). Another is that it represented a man departing from a cave or city.

Alternatively, it may be the original character of 呿 (OC *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab, “to open one's mouth”), the meaning given by the combination of 大 (“big”) and 口 (“mouth”). The meaning “to depart” would be an extension of the meaning “to open one's mouth”, as the lips depart from each other when one's mouth is open.

Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas): semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 𠙴.

In addition, 去 is also the original character of 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “to cover”). The 大 is a cover on top of an object 口.

EtymologyEdit

There were two pronunciations in Middle Chinese. The rising tone pronunciation originally meant “to put away, to eliminate” (causative of “to go away”), and the falling tone “to go away, to leave, to depart” (anticausative). The merger of the two pronunciations already happened in Old Chinese and most extant dialects do not observe this distinction now.

This word is of Sino-Tibetan origin with the basic meaning of "to get rid of". Compare Tibetan སྐྱག (skyag, “to spend, to lay out; dung, excrement”), རྐྱག (rkyag, “dirt, excrement”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall, to become low”), ချ (hkya., “to put down, to bring down, to lower”).

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • qie4 - vernacular;
  • qu4 - literary.
  • (Dungan)
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Dong
    • Note: ké̤ṳ - "departing tone".
    Note: khù - suburbs of Xiamen.
    Note: ke3 - Chaozhou.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 去
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
    /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ 過～
    Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
    Yinchuan /kʰɯ¹³/
    /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
    /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    /kʰɯ³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
    /t͡ɕʰie¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/ ～年
    /kʰə²¹²/ ～大理
    Nanjing /kʰi⁴⁴/
    /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/ ～哪
    /kəʔ²/ 上～
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ 來～
    /kəʔ⁴³/ 吃～
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/
    /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
    /kʰei⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy³²⁴/
    /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
    Tunxi /kʰə⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
    /kʰə⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰie⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /kʰi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /høy³³/
    Nanning /hy³³/
    Hong Kong /høy³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰu²¹/
    /kʰi²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɔ²¹²/
    /kʰœ²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰɔ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰɯ²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hu³⁵/
    /xu³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 去
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 丘倨切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰɨʌH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰiɔH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰiɔH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰɨə̆H/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰiɔH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰĭoH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰi̯woH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qù
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 去
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khjoH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ʰ(r)ap-s/
    English depart

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 去
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10687
    Phonetic
    component         		去
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		㰦
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰas/

    DefinitionsEdit

    去

    1. to leave; to depart from
      去世  ―  qùshì  ―  to pass away
    2. to go to; to leave for
      你去哪兒？ / 你去哪儿？  ―  Nǐ qù nǎr?  ―  Where are you going?
      Antonym: 來／来 (lái)
    3. (before or after a verb) to go in order to do something
      他到辦公室去請假。 [MSC, trad.]
      他到办公室去请假。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā dào bàngōngshì qù qǐngjiǎ. [Pinyin]
      He went to the office to ask for leave.
      他去釣魚了，而沒去打網球。 [MSC, trad.]
      他去钓鱼了，而没去打网球。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā qù diàoyú le, ér méi qù dǎ wǎngqiú. [Pinyin]
      He went fishing instead of playing tennis.
    4. (between two verbs) to; in order to
    5. Particle used after a verb of motion to indicates movement away from the speaker.
      下去  ―  xiàqù  ―  to go down [ant. 下來／下来 (xiàlái, “to come down”)]
      送去  ―  sòng qù  ―  to send away
    6. to send; to dispatch
    7. to play (a part, a character); to act
    8. to remove, to be removed
      去蝦腸 / 去虾肠  ―  qù xiācháng  ―  to remove the intestines from shrimp
      去頭白蝦 / 去头白虾  ―  qùtóu báixiā  ―  headless white shrimp
      去中心化  ―  qùzhōngxīnhuà  ―  decentralization
    9. last; past
      去年  ―  qùnián  ―  last year
    10. 66th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "departure" (𝍇)
    11. Short for 去聲／去声 (qùshēng).
    12. (neologism) what the hell; what; damn; fuck
      我去  ―  wǒqù  ―  what the hell

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 去
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
    /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ 過～
    Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
    Yinchuan /kʰɯ¹³/
    /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
    /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    /kʰɯ³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
    /t͡ɕʰie¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/ ～年
    /kʰə²¹²/ ～大理
    Nanjing /kʰi⁴⁴/
    /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/ ～哪
    /kəʔ²/ 上～
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ 來～
    /kəʔ⁴³/ 吃～
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/
    /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
    /kʰei⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy³²⁴/
    /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
    Tunxi /kʰə⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
    /kʰə⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰie⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /kʰi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /høy³³/
    Nanning /hy³³/
    Hong Kong /høy³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰu²¹/
    /kʰi²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɔ²¹²/
    /kʰœ²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰɔ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰɯ²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hu³⁵/
    /xu³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 去
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 羌舉切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰiɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰiɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰiɔX/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰĭoX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰi̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qǔ
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 去
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khjoX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[kʰ](r)aʔ/
    English get rid of

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 去
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 10684
    Phonetic
    component         		去
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		去
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰaʔ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    去

    1. to remove; to get rid of
      • 去掉  ―  qùdiào  ―  to remove
      • 脫去 / 脱去  ―  tuōqù  ―  to throw off
      • 拆去  ―  chāiqù  ―  to remove, to take off
    2. to discard

    Pronunciation 3Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 去 – see 弆 (“to hoard, to hide away”).
    (This character, 去, is a variant form of 弆.)

    Pronunciation 4Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 去 – see 驅 (“to run quickly; to expel; to disperse; etc.”).
    (This character, 去, is a variant form of 驅.)

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 去

    Further readingEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    去

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. to leave, to go away
    2. past

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    See alsoEdit

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    去 (eumhun 갈 거 (gal geo))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    去: Hán Nôm readings: khứ, khử

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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