去
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
去 (radical 28, 厶+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 土戈 (GI), four-corner 40731, composition ⿱土厶)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 164, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3070
- Dae Jaweon: page 372, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 384, character 8
- Unihan data for U+53BB
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
去 | |
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| alternative forms | 㚎 弆 厺 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 去 | ||||||
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| Shang | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意): 大 (“man”) + 口 (“mouth, object”). Top figure simplified to 土, unrelated to 士 (“scholar, gentleman”), while bottom simplified to 厶. There are various interpretations of the combination of “man” and “mouth, object”. One is that the ideograph represented a man with a hole marked in his crotch, and the inventors of writing had perhaps “anus” (i.e. getting rid of) in mind (Schuessler, 2007). Another is that it represented a man departing from a cave or city.
Alternatively, it may be the original character of 呿 (OC *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab, “to open one's mouth”), the meaning given by the combination of 大 (“big”) and 口 (“mouth”). The meaning “to depart” would be an extension of the meaning “to open one's mouth”, as the lips depart from each other when one's mouth is open.
Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas): semantic 大 (“man”) + phonetic 𠙴 ().
In addition, 去 is also the original character of 盍 (OC *ɡaːb, “to cover”). The 大 is a cover on top of an object 口.
EtymologyEdit
There were two pronunciations in Middle Chinese. The rising tone pronunciation originally meant “to put away, to eliminate” (causative of “to go away”), and the falling tone “to go away, to leave, to depart” (anticausative). The merger of the two pronunciations already happened in Old Chinese and most extant dialects do not observe this distinction now.
This word is of Sino-Tibetan origin with the basic meaning of "to get rid of". Compare Tibetan སྐྱག (skyag, “to spend, to lay out; dung, excrement”), རྐྱག (rkyag, “dirt, excrement”), Burmese ကျ (kya., “to fall, to become low”), ချ (hkya., “to put down, to bring down, to lower”).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
去
- to leave; to depart from
- 去世 ― qùshì ― to pass away
- 鳥乃去矣，后稷呱矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Niǎo nǎi qù yǐ, Hòujì guā yǐ. [Pinyin]
- When the bird went away, Hou-ji began to wail.
鸟乃去矣，后稷呱矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to go to; to leave for
- (before or after a verb) to go in order to do something
- (between two verbs) to; in order to
- Particle used after a verb of motion to indicate movement away from the speaker.
- to send; to dispatch
- to play (a part, a character); to act
- to remove, to be removed
- last; past
- 去年 ― qùnián ― last year
- 66th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "departure" (𝍇)
- Short for 去聲／去声 (qùshēng).
- (literary) to be separated by; to be apart by
- (neologism) what the hell; what; damn; fuck
- 我去 ― wǒqù ― what the hell
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
去
- to remove; to get rid of
- to discard
Pronunciation 3Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 去 – see 弆 (“to hoard, to hide away”). (This character, 去, is a variant form of 弆.) |
Pronunciation 4Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 去 – see 驅 (“to run quickly; to expel; to disperse; etc.”). (This character, 去, is a variant form of 驅.) |
CompoundsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “Entry #1405”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
- to leave, to go away
- past
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
See alsoEdit
- 落ちる (ochiru)
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
去: Hán Nôm readings: khứ, khử[1], khu[2]
CompoundsEdit
- quá khứ (過去, “the past”)
- trừ khử (除去, “to eliminate”)
- khử trùng (去蟲, “to disinfect, to decontaminate”)