揺蕩う
Japanese
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
揺 | 蕩 |
たゆた | |
Grade: S | Hyōgai |
jukujikun |
Alternative spellings |
---|
搖蕩う (kyūjitai) 猶予う |
/tajutapu/ → /tajutafu/ → /tajutau/
From Old Japanese 揺蕩ふ (tayutapu). Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1][2]
Derived from the adjective たゆた (tayuta, “undecided, unsettled, uncertain in one's thoughts”) + auxiliary verb suffix ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state, spelled and pronounced as う (u) in modern Japanese).[1]
The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字), based on the synonymous Middle Chinese-derived term 揺蕩 (yōtō).
Pronunciation
editVerb
edit揺蕩う • (tayutau) ←たゆたふ (tayutafu)?intransitive godan (stem 揺蕩い (tayutai), past 揺蕩った (tayutatta))
- to bob, to move about uncertainly as a floating item moves about on the surface of water or some other liquid
- Synonym: 漂う (tadayou)
- to be undecided or uncertain
- to pause or hesitate due to indecision, to dally, to dawdle
Usage notes
editThe alternative 猶予う spelling is uncommon.
Conjugation
editKatsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 揺蕩わ | たゆたわ | tayutawa |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 揺蕩い | たゆたい | tayutai |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 揺蕩う | たゆたう | tayutau |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 揺蕩う | たゆたう | tayutau |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 揺蕩え | たゆたえ | tayutae |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 揺蕩え | たゆたえ | tayutae |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 揺蕩われる | たゆたわれる | tayutawareru |
Causative | 揺蕩わせる 揺蕩わす |
たゆたわせる たゆたわす |
tayutawaseru tayutawasu |
Potential | 揺蕩える | たゆたえる | tayutaeru |
Volitional | 揺蕩おう | たゆたおう | tayutaō |
Negative | 揺蕩わない | たゆたわない | tayutawanai |
Negative continuative | 揺蕩わず | たゆたわず | tayutawazu |
Formal | 揺蕩います | たゆたいます | tayutaimasu |
Perfective | 揺蕩った | たゆたった | tayutatta |
Conjunctive | 揺蕩って | たゆたって | tayutatte |
Hypothetical conditional | 揺蕩えば | たゆたえば | tayutaeba |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
揺 | 蕩 |
たゆと | |
Grade: S | Hyōgai |
jukujikun |
Alternative spelling |
---|
搖蕩う (kyūjitai) |
/tajutapu/ → /tajutafu/ → /tajutau/ → /tajutɔː/ → /tajutoː/
Shift from tayutau above. Listed with a reading of tayutǒ (/tajutɔː/) in the 1603 Nippo Jisho.[4]
Pronunciation
editVerb
edit揺蕩う • (tayutou) ←たゆたふ (tayutafu)?intransitive godan (stem 揺蕩い (tayutoi), past 揺蕩った (tayutotta))
- Alternative form of 揺蕩う (tayutau)
Conjugation
editKatsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 揺蕩わ | たゆとわ | tayutowa |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 揺蕩い | たゆとい | tayutoi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 揺蕩う | たゆとう | tayutou |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 揺蕩う | たゆとう | tayutou |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 揺蕩え | たゆとえ | tayutoe |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 揺蕩え | たゆとえ | tayutoe |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 揺蕩われる | たゆとわれる | tayutowareru |
Causative | 揺蕩わせる 揺蕩わす |
たゆとわせる たゆとわす |
tayutowaseru tayutowasu |
Potential | 揺蕩える | たゆとえる | tayutoeru |
Volitional | 揺蕩おう | たゆとおう | tayutoō |
Negative | 揺蕩わない | たゆとわない | tayutowanai |
Negative continuative | 揺蕩わず | たゆとわず | tayutowazu |
Formal | 揺蕩います | たゆといます | tayutoimasu |
Perfective | 揺蕩った | たゆとった | tayutotta |
Conjunctive | 揺蕩って | たゆとって | tayutotte |
Hypothetical conditional | 揺蕩えば | たゆとえば | tayutoeba |
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan][1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here just under the highlighted term tayumu
- Japanese terms spelled with 揺
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- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
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- Japanese lemmas
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- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese intransitive verbs
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