猶予う

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
猶	予
いざ Grade: S	よ Grade: 3
irregular	on'yomi

Alternative spelling
猶豫う (kyūjitai)

⟨isayo₁pu⟩ → */isajʷopu/ → /isajopu/ → /izajofu/ → /izajou/

From Old Japanese 猶予ふ (isayopu).

Read as いさよふ (isayopu) in the Nara Period. The /p/ lenited to /f/ (more specifically, the bilabial fricative [ɸ]) by the Heian Period, with the /s/ alternating with voiced /z/. The medial /f/ then further lenited and disappeared, with the voiced /z/ pronunciation becoming the dominant form.

Derived originally as a compound of いさ (isa, interjection of hesitation or introduction; compare to English so, which may be used as a hesitation word or to introduce a new topic) +‎ よふ (yopu, suffixing element of unclear meaning). Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE and the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), based on the synonymous Middle Chinese-derived term 猶予 (yūyo).

This word may be falling into disuse, and it is not included in some dictionaries.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) いざよう [ìzáyóꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [iza̠jo̞ɯ̟]

Verb

猶(いざ)予(よ)う • (izayou) ^{←いざよふ (izayofu)?}intransitive godan (stem 猶(いざ)予(よ)い (izayoi), past 猶(いざ)予(よ)った (izayotta))

1. (archaic) to pause, to hesitate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "猶予う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	猶予わ	いざよわ	izayowa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	猶予い	いざよい	izayoi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	猶予う	いざよう	izayou
Rentaikei ("attributive")	猶予う	いざよう	izayou
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	猶予え	いざよえ	izayoe
Meireikei ("imperative")	猶予え	いざよえ	izayoe
Key constructions
Passive	猶予われる	いざよわれる	izayowareru
Causative	猶予わせる 猶予わす	いざよわせる いざよわす	izayowaseru izayowasu
Potential	猶予える	いざよえる	izayoeru
Volitional	猶予おう	いざよおう	izayoō
Negative	猶予わない	いざよわない	izayowanai
Negative continuative	猶予わず	いざよわず	izayowazu
Formal	猶予います	いざよいます	izayoimasu
Perfective	猶予った	いざよった	izayotta
Conjunctive	猶予って	いざよって	izayotte
Hypothetical conditional	猶予えば	いざよえば	izayoeba

Derived terms

• 猶(いざ)予(よ)い (izayoi, “hesitation, pause”)
• 十六夜(いざよい) (izayoi, “the 16th of the lunar month”)

Related terms

• 誘(いざな)う (izanau), 誘(いさよ)う (isayou): to tempt, to invite (both also derived from interjection いさ (isa))

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
猶	予
Grade: S	Grade: 3
irregular

Alternative spellings
猶豫う (kyūjitai) 揺蕩う

This kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), based on the synonymous Middle Chinese-derived term 猶予 (yūyo). This spelling is less common than 揺蕩う.

For pronunciation and definitions of 猶予う – see the following entry.

【揺蕩たゆたう】 [verb] to bob, to move about uncertainly as a floating item moves about on the surface of water or some other liquid [verb] to be undecided or uncertain [verb] to pause or hesitate due to indecision, to dally, to dawdle

(This term, 猶予う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)