改年

Chinese

		to change; to alter; to transform to change; to alter; to transform; to correct	year
simp. and trad. (改年)		改	年

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǎinián

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞˇ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǎinián
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǎinián
    • Wade–Giles: kai³-nien²
    • Yale: gǎi-nyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaenian
    • Palladius: гайнянь (gajnjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kojX nen

Rime
Character	改	年
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	古亥切	奴顚切
Baxter	kojX	nen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʌiX/	/nen/
Pan Wuyun	/kəiX/	/nen/
Shao Rongfen	/kɒiX/	/nɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəjX/	/nɛn/
Li Rong	/kᴀiX/	/nen/
Wang Li	/kɒiX/	/nien/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑ̆iX/	/nien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǎi	nián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	goi2	nin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤəʔ  C.nˤi[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*klɯːʔ  niːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	改	年
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǎi	nián
Middle Chinese	‹ kojX ›	‹ nen ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qˁəʔ/	/*C.nˁi[ŋ]/
English	change (v.)	harvest; year
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	改	年
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5763	9482
Phonetic component	己	秊
Rime group	之	眞
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	改
Old Chinese	/*klɯːʔ/	/*niːŋ/
Notes		同秊

Verb

改⫽年 (verb-object)

1. (Classical, historical) to start over with the first year of a new Chinese era name; to change the title of an imperial reign

Synonyms

• 改元 (gǎiyuán)