U+6539, 改
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6539

[U+6538]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+653A]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 66, +3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸山人大 (SUOK), four-corner 18740, composition)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 468, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13114
  • Dae Jaweon: page 816, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1450, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6539

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
 
(gǎi) (in the form of 攺) from a Western-Han manuscript of the Yili in the clerical script.

In the oracle bone script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *klɯːʔ) : phonetic (OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs) + semantic .

Since the small seal script, the phonetic component has been changed to (OC *kɯʔ).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Related to (OC *krɯːɡ, “to change”), (OC *kraːŋ, “to change”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • guōi - vernacular;
  • gāi - literary.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangzhou:
    • kái - literary ("to change");
    • kóe/ké - vernacular ("to correct", "to abstain").

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter kojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kəiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəjX/
Li
Rong
/kᴀiX/
Wang
Li
/kɒiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gǎi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
goi2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gǎi
Middle
Chinese
‹ kojX ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.qˁəʔ/
English change (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5763
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*klɯːʔ/

Definitions

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  1. to change; to transform; to alter; to modify
  2. to correct; to improve
  3. to mark; to correct; to grade (homework, an assignment, a test, etc.)
  4. (Hokkien) to give up; to quit; to abstain from (a bad habit)
  5. a surname
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Probably from Japanese (かい) (kai).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Classifier for times, as in frequency.

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. reform
  2. correct
  3. change

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
かい
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC kojX).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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(かい) (kai

  1. change; modify; reform

Suffix

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(かい) (-kai

  1. revision
  2. revised, modified
    チヌ(かい)
    chi-nu-kai
    Chi-Nu Kai
    装輪装甲車(そうりんそうこうしゃ)(かい)
    sōrin-sōkō-sha (kai)
    Wheeled Armoured Vehicle (Improved)

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 고칠 (gochil gae))

  1. hanja form? of (reform; fix)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: cải, cãi, gởi, gửi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.