納言

Chinese

		to accept; to pay (taxes, etc.)	to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word
trad. (納言)		納	言
simp. (纳言)		纳	言

Etymology

Probably coined by the Xin dynasty emperor Wang Mang.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nàyán

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄚˋ ㄧㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nàyán
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˋ ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nàyán
    • Wade–Giles: na⁴-yen²
    • Yale: nà-yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nahyan
    • Palladius: наянь (najanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nä⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: nop ngjon

Rime
Character	納	言
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	覃 (160)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	奴荅切	語軒切
Baxter	nop	ngjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nʌp̚/	/ŋɨɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/nəp̚/	/ŋiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/nɒp̚/	/ŋiɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nəp̚/	/ŋɨan/
Li Rong	/nᴀp̚/	/ŋiɐn/
Wang Li	/nɒp̚/	/ŋĭɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/năp̚/	/ŋɨ̯ɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nà	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naap6	jin4

Noun

納言

1. (obsolete, historical) a name of various ancient Chinese government offices

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (納言):

• → Japanese: 納言(のうごん) (nōgon)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
納	言
な Grade: 6	ごん Grade: 2
kan’yōon	goon

The 音読み (on'yomi, “Sino-Japanese reading”) of monomōsu-tsukasa below.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) な​ごん [náꜜgòǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [na̠ɡõ̞ɴ]

Noun

納(な)言(ごん) • (nagon) 

1. (politics, historical) an umbrella term for 大納言 (dainagon), 中納言 (chūnagon) and 少納言 (shōnagon)
2. (politics, historical) in the early Meiji period, a short-lived government position acting on behalf of the 太政大臣 (dajō-daijin) while its holder is in absentia

Derived terms

• 四(し)納(な)言(ごん) (shinagon)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
納	言
のう Grade: 6	ごん Grade: 2
goon

/napu ɡon/ → /naɸuɡon/ → /nauɡon/ → /nɔːɡon/ → /noːɡon/

Attested in the 色葉字類抄 (Iroha Jiruishō).

A variant 音読み (on'yomi, “Sino-Japanese reading”) of monomōsu-tsukasa below, possibly influenced by Middle Chinese 納言 (MC nop ngjon).

Noun

納(のう)言(ごん) • (nōgon) ^{←なふごん (nafugon)?}

1. (politics, historical, rare) an umbrella term for 大納言 (dainagon), 中納言 (chūagon) and 少納言 (shōnagon)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
納	言
ものもうすつかさ
Grade: 6	Grade: 2
jukujikun

From Old Japanese.

Compound of 物申す (monomōsu, “to advise or complain to a superior”) +‎ 司 (tsukasa, “official”).

The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 納言／纳言 (nàyán).

Noun

納言(ものもうすつかさ) • (monomōsu-tsukasa) ^{←ものまうすつかさ (monomausutukasa)?}

1. (politics, historical, archaic) an administrative official in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system

Derived terms

• 大(おおい)納言(ものもうすつかさ) (ōi monomōsu-tsukasa, “upper counselor”)
• 中(なかの)納言(ものもうすつかさ) (naka no monomōsu-tsukasa, “middle counselor”)
• 少(すない)納言(ものもうすつかさ) (sunai monomōsu-tsukasa, “lesser counselor”)

Old Japanese

Etymology

From 物申す (mo₂no₂mawosu, “to advise or complain to a superior”) +‎ 司 (tukasa, “official”).

The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 納言 (MC nop ngjon).

Noun

納言 (mono₂mawosu-tukasa) (kana ものまをすつかさ)

1. an administrative official in the 太政官 (Opoki₁maturigo₂to₂ no₂ Tukasa) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system
   • 720, Nihon Shoki, (Emperor Tenmu; ninth year in autumn, seventh month):

     戊戌、納言兼宮内卿五位舍人王、病之臨死。

     On the day of the Earth Dog, the official and nobleman of the Imperial Palace, fifth rank Töneri nö Opogimi, fell ill and was close to death.

Descendants

• Japanese: 納言 (monomōsu-tsukasa, nagon)