草鞋
Chinese edit
grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty |
shoe | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (草鞋) | 草 | 鞋 | |
simp. #(草鞋) | 草 | 鞋 |
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
草鞋
Synonyms edit
- 千里馬 (qiānlǐmǎ)
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 草鞋 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 草鞋 |
Xi'an | 草鞋 | |
Guiyang | 草鞋 | |
Xuzhou | 草呱子 | |
Yangzhou | 蒲鞋, 草窩子, 毛窩子 | |
Nanjing | 草鞋, 蒲鞋 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 草鞋 |
Dongguan | 草鞋 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 草鞋 |
Lichuan | 草鞋 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 草鞋 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 草鞋 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 草鞋 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 草鞋 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 草鞋 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 草鞋 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 草鞋 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 草鞋 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 草鞋 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 草屩 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 草鞋 |
Southern Min | Shantou | 草鞋 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 草鞋 |
Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 草鞋, 蒲鞋 |
Danyang | 草鞋 | |
Hangzhou | 蒲鞋 | |
Ningbo | 蒲鞋 | |
Wenzhou | 蒲鞋 | |
Jinhua | 草鞋 | |
Xiang | Loudi | 草鞋 |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
草 | 鞋 |
わら Grade: 1 |
くつ > じ Hyōgaiji |
kun’yomi | irregular |
/waraɡut͡su/ → /warand͡zu/ → /warand͡ʑi/ → /warad͡ʑi/
Originally a compound of 藁 (wara, “straw”) + 靴 (kutsu, “shoes, boots, footwear”).[1][2][3][4]
Appears with this reading during the Edo period (1603–1868).[5] Now the most common reading for the straw sandals sense.
The sense appears to have developed from straw footwear in general, to more specifically straw sandals. The oldest reading waragutsu is still current in modern Japanese with the 藁沓 spelling, now often referring more specifically to straw shoes or boots that enclose the feet.[1][2][3]
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- traditional Japanese straw sandals
Derived terms edit
- 草鞋虫 (waraji mushi), 鼠姑 (waraji mushi, “a woodlouse that cannot curl up into a ball”)
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
草 | 鞋 |
わら Grade: 1 |
くつ > んじ Hyōgaiji |
kun’yomi | irregular |
/waraɡut͡su/ → /warand͡zu/ → /warand͡ʑi/
Originally a compound of 藁 (wara, “straw”) + 靴 (kutsu, “shoes, boots, footwear”).[1][2][3]
Appears with this reading in the late 1400s, during the Muromachi period (1336–1573). Superseded in modern usage by waraji above.
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
草鞋 • (waranji) ←わらんぢ (warandi)?
- (archaic) traditional Japanese straw sandals
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
草 | 鞋 |
わら Grade: 1 |
くつ > んず Hyōgaiji |
kun’yomi | irregular |
/waraɡut͡su/ → /warand͡zu/ → /waranzu/
Originally a compound of 藁 (wara, “straw”) + 靴 (kutsu, “shoes, boots, footwear”).[1][2][3]
Appears with this reading in the The Tale of the Heike, compiled some time between 1185 and 1330. Superseded in modern usage by waraji above.
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
草鞋 • (waranzu) ←わらんづ (warandu)?
- (archaic) traditional Japanese straw sandals
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
草 | 鞋 |
わら Grade: 1 |
くつ > ず Hyōgaiji |
kun’yomi | irregular |
/waraɡut͡su/ → /waraud͡zu/ → /warad͡zu/ → /warazu/
Originally a compound of 藁 (wara, “straw”) + 靴 (kutsu, “shoes, boots, footwear”).[1]
Appears with this reading in the Kanchi-in edition of the Ruiju Myōgishō, compiled during the Kamakura period (1185–1333). Superseded in modern usage by waraji above.
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- (archaic, possibly obsolete) traditional Japanese straw sandals
Etymology 5 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
草 | 鞋 |
わら > わろ Grade: 1 |
くつ > うず Hyōgaiji |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
---|
藁沓 (rare) |
/waraɡut͡su/ → /waraud͡zu/ → /warɔːd͡zu/ → /waroːd͡zu/ → /waroːzu/
Originally a compound of 藁 (wara, “straw”) + 靴 (kutsu, “shoes, boots, footwear”).[1][2][3]
Appears with this reading in the Utsubo Monogatari of the late 900s. Superseded in modern usage by waraji above for the straw sandal sense, and by 藁沓 (waragutsu) for the straw shoe or boot sense.
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
草鞋 • (warōzu) ←わろうづ (waroudu)?
- (archaic) traditional Japanese straw sandals
- (archaic) traditional Japanese straw shoes or boots
Etymology 6 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
草 | 鞋 |
そう Grade: 1 |
かい Hyōgaiji |
on’yomi | kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 草鞋 (MC tshawX hea|heaj, “straw shoe, straw sandal”).
Appears with this reading in the Konjaku Monogatarishū, compiled in the early 1100s.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- (rare) traditional Japanese straw sandals
- (rare) traditional Japanese straw shoes or boots
- Alternative spelling of 挿鞋: formal footwear made of wood and embroidery, worn by the emperor at court
Usage notes edit
The waraji reading above is more common for the straw sandals sense, and the term 藁沓 (waragutsu) is more common for the straw shoes or boots sense.
Etymology 7 edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
草 | 鞋 |
そう Grade: 1 |
かい > あい Hyōgaiji |
on’yomi | kan’yōon |
Shift from earlier sōkai reading (see above), adopting the kan'yōyomi of ai for the 鞋 character, rather than its regular kan'on reading of kai.[1][2]
Appears with this reading in the Taiheiki, compiled in the late 1300s. Superseded in modern usage by sōkai above.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- (archaic, possibly obsolete) traditional Japanese straw sandals
- (archaic, possibly obsolete) traditional Japanese straw shoes or boots
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ “わらうず”, in 世界大百科事典 第2版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN