Japanese
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Etymology 1
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For pronunciation and definitions of 荒ぶ – see the following entry.
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(This term, 荒ぶ, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
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Etymology 2
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From the stem of adjective 荒らし (arashi, “rough, wild”) + ぶ (-bu, “to act like, to be (of a manner)”, precursor to modern suffix びる (-biru)).[1]
荒ぶ • (arabu) †nidan
- (archaic) to be wild, to become wild, to be harsh or excessively strong
- Synonym: 荒む (susamu)
- 927 延喜式 (Engishiki, “Procedures of the Engi Era”):
- 四方四角より疎び荒備来む天のまがつひといふ神の言はむ悪事に
- Yomo yosumi yori utobi arabi komu ten no maga tsu hito ifu kami no koto wa mu magakoto ni
- All the gods from every corner of heaven come to say evil things
- (archaic) to be neglected, to fall into ruin, to be uncivilized
- 720 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki, “Chronicles of Japan”):
- 夫れ葦原中国は本より荒芒たり。
- Sore Ashihara no Nakatsukuni wa moto yori arabi tari.
- Ashihara no Nakatsukuni [Japan] is becoming less civilized.
- (archaic, of poetry) to lack ornamentation, to be simple, be plain
1694, Matsuo Bashō, Rōka ate kyorai chokan [Recurring thoughts on leaving]:
- 俳諧あらび可申候事は、言葉あらく、道具下品の物取出し申候事にては無
- Haikai arabi-ka mōshisōra koto wa, kotoba araku, dōgu gehin no mono toridashi mōshisōra koto nite wa nai
- Haikai is not merely simple construction, rude words, something drawn up with coarse tools
Conjugation
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Stem forms
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Irrealis (未然形)
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荒び |
あらび |
arabi
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Continuative (連用形)
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荒び |
あらび |
arabi
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Terminal (終止形)
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荒ぶ |
あらぶ |
arabu
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Attributive (連体形)
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荒ぶる |
あらぶる |
araburu
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Realis (已然形)
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荒ぶれ |
あらぶれ |
arabure
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Imperative (命令形)
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荒びよ |
あらびよ |
arabiyo
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Key constructions
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Negative
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荒びず |
あらびず |
arabizu
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Contrasting conjunction
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荒ぶれど |
あらぶれど |
araburedo
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Causal conjunction
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荒ぶれば |
あらぶれば |
arabureba
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Conditional conjunction
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荒びば |
あらびば |
arabiba
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Past tense (firsthand knowledge)
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荒びき |
あらびき |
arabiki
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Past tense (secondhand knowledge)
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荒びけり |
あらびけり |
arabikeri
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Perfect tense (conscious action)
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荒びつ |
あらびつ |
arabitu
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Perfect tense (natural event)
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荒びぬ |
あらびぬ |
arabinu
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Perfect-continuative tense
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荒びたり |
あらびたり |
arabitari
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Volitional
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荒びむ |
あらびむ |
arabimu
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Related terms
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- 荒い (arai, “rough, harsh, intense”, adjective)
- 荒々しい (arārashii, “harsh, violent; rough”, adjective)
- 荒れる (areru, “to become disordered; to become rough; to grow wild”, intransitive)
- 荒らす (arasu, “to create disorder; to destroy”, transitive)
- びる (-biru, “to look like; to behave like”, suffix)
References
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- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN