Wiktionary

荒

See also: 㐬
荒 U+8352, 荒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8352
← 荑
[U+8351] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 荓 →
[U+8353]

荒 U+FAB3, 荒
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB3
← 者
[U+FAB2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 華 →
[U+FAB4]

Translingual

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Han character

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荒 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜女山 (TYVU), four-corner 44211, composition ⿱艹巟)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1031, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30953
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1490, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3209, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8352

Chinese

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trad. 荒
simp. # 荒
alternative forms 㐬
𮎰
𠃤
𠯚
𦮋

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 荒
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
忙 *maːŋ
芒 *maːŋ, *maŋ
茫 *maːŋ
恾 *maːŋ
吂 *maːŋ, *maːŋs
汒 *maːŋ, *maŋs
朚 *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙 *maːŋ, *maŋ
杗 *maːŋ, *maŋ
荒 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs
肓 *hmaːŋ
衁 *hmaːŋ
巟 *hmaːŋ
詤 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ
謊 *hmaːŋʔ
喪 *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ
亡 *maŋ
望 *maŋ, *maŋs
莣 *maŋ
朢 *maŋ, *maŋs
鋩 *maŋ
硭 *maŋ
忘 *maŋ, *maŋs
网 *mlaŋʔ
罔 *mlaŋʔ
蛧 *maŋʔ
網 *mlaŋʔ
輞 *maŋʔ
棢 *maŋʔ
惘 *maŋʔ
菵 *maŋʔ
誷 *maŋʔ
魍 *maŋʔ
妄 *maŋs
盲 *mraːŋ
蝱 *mraːŋ
虻 *mraːŋ
氓 *mraːŋ
甿 *mraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs): semantic 艹 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 巟 (OC *hmaːŋ). Note: The middle part could be found as 亾 instead of 亡.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Cognate with 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”). The voiceless initial is possibly from the devoicing effect of an early (i.e. Proto-Sino-Tibetan) causative prefix *s- on 亡 (i.e. PST *s-maŋ > *hmaŋ > Middle Chinese hwɑŋ) which was subsequently lost.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • horng1 - literary;
  • hng1 - vernacular (e.g. 放荒).
Note:
  • hong - literary;
  • hng/huiⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • huang1 - literary;
  • hng1 - vernacular.
    Rime
    Character 荒 荒
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 唐 (102) 唐 (102)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed Closed
    Division (等) I I
    Fanqie 呼光切 呼浪切
    Baxter xwang xwangH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hwɑŋ/ /hwɑŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hʷɑŋ/ /hʷɑŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwaŋ/ /hwaŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/xwɑŋ/ /xwɑŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huāng huàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fong1 fong3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 荒
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huāng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xwang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m̥ˁaŋ/
    English wasteland; uncultivated land

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 荒 荒
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 12649 12659
    Phonetic
    component         		亡 亡
    Rime
    group         		陽 陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		荒 荒
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hmaːŋ/ /*hmaːŋs/

    Definitions

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    荒

    1. wasteland; uncultivated land; desert
    2. uncultivated; barren; desolate
    3. unreasonable; absurd

    Compounds

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    References

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    • “荒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “荒”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 255.

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    荒

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. uncultivated, wild
    2. desolate, barren

    Readings

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    Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    荒
    あばら
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 荒 – see the following entry.
    【あばら】
    [adjective] (archaic, possibly obsolete) 荒ら, 荒, 疎ら, 疎: loosely spaced, sparse, with large gaps, wide open
    [adjective] (archaic, possibly obsolete) 荒ら, 荒, 疎ら, 疎: broken down, ruined, wild
    [adjective] (archaic, possibly obsolete) 荒ら, 荒, 疎ら, 疎: not heartfelt, insincere, flippant (as of behavior or attitude)
    Alternative spellings
    荒ら, 疎ら, 疎
    (This term, 荒, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

    Korean

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    Etymology 1

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    Hanja

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    荒 (eumhun 거칠 황 (geochil hwang))

    1. rough; sparse; wild

    Etymology 2

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    Hanja

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    荒 (eumhun 공허할 강 (gongheohal gang))

    1. empty, blank

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    荒: Hán Nôm readings: hoang, hoăng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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