荒

See also: 㐬

Contents

TranslingualEdit

EtymologyEdit

Historical forms of the character 荒
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs): semantic 艹 ‎(“grass, plant”) + phonetic 巟 ‎(OC *hmaːŋ) – lack of plants

Han characterEdit

荒 (radical 140 艸+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜女山 (TYVU), four-corner 4421₁, composition ⿱艹巟)

1. wasteland, desert
2. uncultivated

Note: The middle part could be found as 亾 instead of 亡.

Derived charactersEdit

• 慌

DescendantsEdit

• 㐬

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 1031, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30953
• Dae Jaweon: page 1490, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3209, character 2
• Unihan data for U+8352

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		荒

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huāng (huang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fong¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fông
• Min Nan (POJ): hng / hong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: huāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤ
    • Wade-Giles: huang¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huang
    • IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fong¹
    • Yale: fōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fong¹
    • IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông
    • Hakka Romanization System: fong´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fong¹
    • IPA: /foŋ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hng / hong
    • Tâi-lô: hng / hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hngf, hofng
    • IPA (Taipei): /hŋ̍⁴⁴/, /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hŋ̍⁴⁴/, /hɔŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /hwɑŋ/, /hwɑŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	荒	荒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	呼光切	呼浪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hwɑŋ/	/hwɑŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷɑŋ/	/hʷɑŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑŋ/	/xuɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwaŋ/	/hwaŋH/
Li Rong	/xuɑŋ/	/xuɑŋH/
Wang Li	/xuɑŋ/	/xuɑŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xwɑŋ/	/xwɑŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hāng	hàng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*m̥ˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hmaːŋ/, /*hmaːŋs/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huāng
Middle Chinese	‹ xwang ›
Old Chinese	/*m̥ˤaŋ/
English	wasteland; uncultivated land
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	荒	荒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12649	12659
Phonetic component	亡	亡
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	荒	荒
Old Chinese	/*hmaːŋ/	/*hmaːŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

荒

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

荒

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. rough; sparse; wild

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: こう (kō)
• Kan’on: こう (kō)
• Kun: あ-れる (a-reru), あら-い (ara-i), あ-らす (a-rasu), あばら / あば-ら (abara / aba-ra), すさ-む (susa-mu)
• Nanori: ら (ra)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

荒 • ‎(hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune-Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

荒 (hoang, hoăng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.