See also:
U+8352, 荒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8352

[U+8351]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8353]

U+FAB3, 荒
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB3

[U+FAB2]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FAB4]

Translingual

edit

Han character

edit

(Kangxi radical 140, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜女山 (TYVU), four-corner 44211, composition )

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1031, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30953
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1490, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3209, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8352

Chinese

edit
trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
𮎰
𠃤
𠯚
𦮋

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
   

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs): semantic (grass, plant) + phonetic (OC *hmaːŋ). Note: The middle part could be found as instead of .

Etymology

edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (not). Cognate with (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”). The voiceless initial is possibly from the devoicing effect of an early (i.e. Proto-Sino-Tibetan) causative prefix *s- on (i.e. PST *s-maŋ > *hmaŋ > Middle Chinese hwɑŋ) which was subsequently lost.

Pronunciation

edit

Note:
  • horng1 - literary;
  • hng1 - vernacular (e.g. 放荒).
Note:
  • hong - literary;
  • hng/huiⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • huang1 - literary;
  • hng1 - vernacular.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial () (32) (32)
    Final () (102) (102)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed Closed
    Division () I I
    Fanqie
    Baxter xwang xwangH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /hwɑŋ/ /hwɑŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /hʷɑŋ/ /hʷɑŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /hwaŋ/ /hwaŋH/
    Li
    Rong
    /xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
    Wang
    Li
    /xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /xwɑŋ/ /xwɑŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    huāng huàng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fong1 fong3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    huāng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ xwang ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*m̥ˁaŋ/
    English wasteland; uncultivated land

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 12649 12659
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*hmaːŋ/ /*hmaːŋs/

    Definitions

    edit

    1. wasteland; uncultivated land; desert
    2. uncultivated; barren; desolate
    3. unreasonable; absurd

    Compounds

    edit

    References

    edit
    • ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 255.

    Japanese

    edit

    Kanji

    edit

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. uncultivated, wild
    2. desolate, barren

    Readings

    edit

    Etymology

    edit
    Kanji in this term
    あばら
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    あばら
    [adjective] (archaic, possibly obsolete) 荒ら, , 疎ら, : loosely spaced, sparse, with large gaps, wide open
    [adjective] (archaic, possibly obsolete) 荒ら, , 疎ら, : broken down, ruined, wild
    [adjective] (archaic, possibly obsolete) 荒ら, , 疎ら, : not heartfelt, insincere, flippant (as of behavior or attitude)
    Alternative spellings
    荒ら, 疎ら,
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

    Korean

    edit

    Etymology 1

    edit

    Hanja

    edit

    (eumhun 거칠 (geochil hwang))

    1. rough; sparse; wild

    Etymology 2

    edit

    Hanja

    edit

    (eumhun 공허할 (gongheohal gang))

    1. empty, blank

    Vietnamese

    edit

    Han character

    edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: hoang, hoăng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.