菑

See also: 葘

菑 U+83D1, 菑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83D1 ← 菐 [U+83D0] CJK Unified Ideographs 菒 → [U+83D2]

Translingual

Han character

菑 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿女女田 (TVVW), four-corner 4460₂, composition ⿱艹甾)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1037, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31166
• Dae Jaweon: page 1496, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3242, character 18
• Unihan data for U+83D1

Chinese

simp. and trad.		菑
alternative forms		甾 䎩 葘 𱰭

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
輜	*ʔsrɯ, *sʰrɯ
淄	*ʔsrɯ
錙	*ʔsrɯ
緇	*ʔsrɯ
甾	*ʔsrɯ
菑	*ʔsrɯ, *ʔsɯː, *ʔsɯː
鶅	*ʔsrɯ, *ʔsrɯs
椔	*ʔsrɯ, *ʔsrɯs
鯔	*ʔsrɯ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯ, *ʔsɯː, *ʔsɯː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 甾 (OC *ʔsrɯ).

Etymology

菑 (OC *tsrə) is r-causative of 災 (OC *tsə̂) (Schuessler, 2007), both ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa-t ~ dza-t (“hot, fever, hurt, ill, temper”) (STEDT)

Possibly same word as 緇 (OC *tsrə) "black < color of burnt soil?" (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zī (zi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zī
    • Zhuyin: ㄗ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zih
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ¹
    • Yale: dz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
    • Palladius: цзы (czy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsrɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菑
Reading #	1/3
No.	17825
Phonetic component	甾
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	葘
Old Chinese	/*ʔsrɯ/

Definitions

菑

1. one-year-old cropfield

   • 田一歲曰菑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     田一岁曰菑。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Erya, 5^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Tián yī suì yuē zī. [Pinyin]

     A one-year-old cropfield is called “菑”.

2. Alternative form of 淄 (zī, “Zi River, a river in Shandong province”)
3. a surname

Compounds

• 菑畬

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zāi (zai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zai
    • Wade–Giles: tsai¹
    • Yale: dzāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzai
    • Palladius: цзай (czaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoi¹
    • Yale: jōi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zoi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	菑	菑
Reading #	2/3	3/3
No.	17832	17833
Phonetic component	甾	甾
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	烖	烖
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯː/	/*ʔsɯː/
Notes	同𡿧注中或體	同烖災

Definitions

菑

1. variant of 災／灾 (zāi) (“calamity”)

Japanese

Kanji

菑

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. to weed grass
2. land under cultivation

Readings

• On (unclassified): し (shi); さい (sai)
• Kun: あれち (arechi)

Korean

Hanja

菑 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)

1. to weed grass
2. land which has been under cultivation for one year