曰

See also: 日, 臼, and 白

曰 U+66F0, 曰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F0 ← 曯 [U+66EF] CJK Unified Ideographs 曱 → [U+66F1]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

曰 (radical 73, 曰+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 日 (A) or X日 (XA), four-corner 6010₀, composition ⿴囗一)

1. Kangxi radical #73, ⽈.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/曰
• 昌, 替, 曷, 曾, 會, 書, 曹, 朁

Usage notes

• Not to be confused with 日, which is generally slimmer and taller, and has a middle stroke that often extends to both sides in non-regular script fonts.

References

• KangXi: page 502, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14278
• Dae Jaweon: page 872, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1482, character 2
• Unihan data for U+66F0

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		曰
variant forms		粵／粤 syllable filler

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曰
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)	Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Clerical script

Characters in the same phonetic series (曰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
曰	*ɢʷad
汩	*kʷɯːd, *ɡʷɯd

Ideogram (指事): a mouth (口) with word or breath (一) coming out. Compare 今 and 言, where a small stroke is also used to represent words.

Etymology

Cognate with 話 (OC *ɡroːds) according to Sagart (1999); if so, it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwas (“to speak; word”), whence Tibetan གྲོས་སྡུར་བྱེད་པ (gros sdur byed pa, “to consult; to discuss”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yuē (yue¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝ

  (Chengdu, SP): yue¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶, joek⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yet / yat
• Min Bei (KCR): uā
• Min Nan (POJ): oa̍t

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: yuē
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄝ
    • Wade–Giles: yüeh¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iue
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yue
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: yue¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ye
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ye⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyut⁶, joek⁶
    • Yale: yuht, yeuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹, joek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶, yêg⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/, /jœ̽ːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yet
    • Hakka Romanization System: ied`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yad<sup>5</sup>
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯et̚²/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yat
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯at̚²/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ua⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa̍t
    • Tâi-lô: ua̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /uat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uat̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /uat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /uat̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦʉɐt̚/▼

Rime
Character	曰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	王伐切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuat̚/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuē
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwot ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷat/
English	say
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曰
Reading #	1/1
No.	16312
Phonetic component	曰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	越
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷad/

Definitions

曰

1. ^† to say; to speak

   • 子曰：「溫故而知新，可以為師矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Wēn gù ér zhī xīn, kěyǐ wèi shī yǐ.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others."

   • 翁笑曰：「平昔不相往還，何由遺魂吾家？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     翁笑曰：“平昔不相往还，何由遗魂吾家？” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 聊齋志異, 第2卷

     Wēng xiào yuē: “Píng xī bù xiàng wǎng hái, hé yóu yí hún wú jiā?” [Pinyin]

     The old man laughed and said, "In normal days we don't have much of a relation, why would you want to call back the dead's soul in my house?"

2. ^† to be called (the name of)

Compounds

• 吊子曰兒／吊子曰儿
• 子曰行
• 子曰詩云／子曰诗云 (zǐyuēshīyún)

• 念子曰
• 或曰 (huòyuē)

• 詩云子曰／诗云子曰
• 調子曰兒／调子曰儿

References

• “曰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

曰

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. say

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• Go-on: おち (ochi)^{←をち (woti, historical)}
• Kan-on: えつ (etsu)^{←ゑつ (wetu, historical)}
• Kun: いう (iu, 曰う)^{←いふ (ifu, historical)}; いわく (iwaku, 曰く)^{←いはく (ifaku, historical)}; のたばく (notabaku, 曰ばく); のたまう (notamau, 曰う)^{←のたまふ (notamafu, historical)}; のたもう (notamou, 曰う)^{←のたまふ (notamafu, historical)}; のたまわく (notamawaku, 曰く)^{←のたまはく (notamafaku, historical)}; のたまわす (notamawasu, 曰わす)^{←のたまはす (notamafasu, historical)}; のとうぶ (notōbu, 曰ぶ)^{←のたうぶ (notaubu, historical)}

Usage notes

Named as 平日 (hirabi, literally “wide hi”) to distinguish from the 日 (hi, “sun, day”) kanji.

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Korean

Hanja

曰 • (wal) (hangeul 왈, revised wal, McCune–Reischauer wal, Yale wal)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

曰: Hán Việt readings: viết (王(vương)伐(phạt)切(thiết))
曰: Nôm readings: viết, vít, vết, vịt, vệt, vắt, vất

1. Hán tự form of viết (“to write”).
2. Nôm form of vít (“wound; scar”).

References