曰

See also: 日, 臼, and 白

曰	U+66F0, 曰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F0

← 曯
[U+66EF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

曱 →
[U+66F1]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 73 曰

曰 (radical 73, 曰+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 日 (A) or X日 (XA), four-corner 6010₀, composition ⿴囗一)

Kangxi radical #73, ⽈.

Derived charactersEdit

Index:Chinese radical/曰
昌, 替, 曷, 曾, 會, 書, 曹, 朁

Usage notesEdit

Not to be confused with 日, which is generally slimmer and taller, and has a middle stroke that often extends to both sides in non-regular script fonts.

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 502, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14278
Dae Jaweon: page 872, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1482, character 2
Unihan data for U+66F0

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		曰
alternative forms		粵／粤 syllable filler

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 曰
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)	Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Clerical script

Characters in the same phonetic series (曰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
曰	*ɢʷad
汩	kʷɯːd, ɡʷɯd

Ideogram (指事): a mouth (口) with word or breath (一) coming out. Compare 今 and 言, where a small stroke is also used to represent words.

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with 話 (OC *ɡroːds) according to Sagart (1999); if so, it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwas (“to speak; word”), whence Tibetan གྲོས་སྡུར་བྱེད་པ (gros sdur byed pa, “to consult; to discuss”) (STEDT).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yuē (yue¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄝ

(Chengdu, SP): yue¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶, joek⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yet / yat
Min Bei (KCR): uā
Min Nan (POJ): oa̍t

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yuē
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄝ
  - Wade–Giles: yüeh¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iue
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yue
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yue¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ye
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ye⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyut⁶, joek⁶
  - Yale: yuht, yeuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹, joek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶, yêg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/, /jœ̽ːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yet
  - Hakka Romanization System: ied`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yat
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iad`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯at̚²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ua⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /uat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /uat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /uat̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɦʉɐt̚/

Rime
Character	曰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	王伐切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuat̚/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷat/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuē
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwot ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷat/
English	say
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曰
Reading #	1/1
No.	16312
Phonetic component	曰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	越
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷad/

DefinitionsEdit

曰

^† to say; to speak
- 子曰：「溫故而知新，可以為師矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yuē: “Wēn gù ér zhī xīn, kěyǐ wèi shī yǐ.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others."
- 翁笑曰：「平昔不相往還，何由遺魂吾家？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  翁笑曰：“平昔不相往还，何由遗魂吾家？” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 聊齋志異, 第2卷
  Wēng xiào yuē: “Píng xī bù xiàng wǎng hái, hé yóu yí hún wú jiā?” [Pinyin]
  The old man laughed and said, "In normal days we don't have much of a relation, why would you want to call back the dead's soul in my house?"
^† to be called (the name of)
- 帝高陽之苗裔兮，朕皇考曰伯庸。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  帝高阳之苗裔兮，朕皇考曰伯庸。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE
  Dì Gāoyáng zhī miáoyì xī, zhèn huángkǎo yuē Bóyōng. [Pinyin]
  Springing forth from the seeds of King Gaoyang
  My glorious late Father was styled Boyong.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 說 (“to say, to speak”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		言, 云, 曰, 道
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		說
Mandarin	Beijing	說
	Taiwan	說, 講
	Tianjin	說
	Jinan	說
	Xi'an	說
	Wuhan	說
	Chengdu	說
	Guilin	講
	Hefei	講
	Malaysia	講, 說
	Singapore	講, 說
Cantonese	Guangzhou	講, 話
	Hong Kong	講, 話
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	講, 話
	Doumen	講
	Yunfu	話
	Yangjiang	講, 話
	Danzhou	講
	Kuala Lumpur	講, 話
	Singapore	講, 話
Gan	Nanchang	話
Hakka	Meixian	講, 話
	Wuhua (Meilin)	講
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	講
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	講
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	講
	Dongshi (Dabu)	講
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	講
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	講
Jin	Taiyuan	說
Min Bei	Jian'ou	話
Min Dong	Fuzhou	講
Min Nan	Xiamen	講
	Tong'an	講
	Quanzhou	說
	Jinjiang	說
	Zhangzhou	講
	Taipei	講
	Kaohsiung	講
	Tainan	講
	Penang (Hokkien)	講
	Singapore (Hokkien)	講
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	說, 講
	Chaozhou	呾
	Shantou	呾
	Jieyang	呾
	Haifeng	講
	Singapore (Teochew)	呾
	Wenchang	講
	Haikou	講
Wu	Shanghai	講
	Suzhou	講, 說
	Wenzhou	講
Xiang	Changsha	講
Xiang	Shuangfeng	曰, 講

CompoundsEdit

念子曰
或曰 (huòyuē)

ReferencesEdit

“曰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

Go-on: おち (ochi)^{←をち (woti, historical)}
Kan-on: えつ (etsu)^{←ゑつ (wetu, historical)}
Kun: いう (iu, 曰う)^{←いふ (ifu, historical)}; いわく (iwaku, 曰く)^{←いはく (ifaku, historical)}; のたばく (notabaku, 曰ばく); のたまう (notamau, 曰う)^{←のたまふ (notamafu, historical)}; のたもう (notamou, 曰う)^{←のたまふ (notamafu, historical)}; のたまわく (notamawaku, 曰く)^{←のたまはく (notamafaku, historical)}; のたまわす (notamawasu, 曰わす)^{←のたまはす (notamafasu, historical)}; のとうぶ (notōbu, 曰ぶ)^{←のたうぶ (notaubu, historical)}

Usage notesEdit

Named as 平日 (hirabi, literally “wide hi”) to distinguish from the 日 (hi, “sun, day”) kanji.

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

HanjaEdit

曰 (eumhun 가로되 왈 (garodoe wal))

Hanja form^? of 왈 (“to say; to speak”).

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

曰: Hán Việt readings: viết (王(vương)伐(phạt)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
曰: Nôm readings: viết^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5]^[6], vít^[1]^[3]^[7]^[4]^[6], vết^[1]^[2]^[7], vịt^[1]^[2], vệt^[1], vắt^[2], vất^[7]

Nôm form of viết (“to write”).
Nôm form of vít (“wound; scar”).

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Hồ (1976).

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Trần (2004).

[bonet-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[btcn-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Hồ (1976).

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