甾

See also: 畄 and 𤰝

甾 U+753E, 甾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-753E ← 甽 [U+753D] CJK Unified Ideographs 甿 → [U+753F]

甾 U+2F936, 甾 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F936 ← 𤰶 [U+2F935] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𤲒 → [U+2F937]

Translingual

Han character

甾 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女女田 (VVW), four-corner 2260₀, composition ⿱巛田)

Derived characters

• 崰, 椔, 淄, 㿳, 䅔, 緇(缁), 䎩, 䐉, 輜(辎), 錙(锱), 鯔(鲻), 㓯, 䣎, 鶅(𱊎), 疀, 菑
• 𤉣, 𪺟, 𥓲, 𥚉, 𧱥, 𩋝, 𩜊, 𩗮, 𨿴, 𪋍, 𤱽, 𤱾, 𤳤, 𤲑, 𤳊, 𤳫, 𤳲, 𤳯, 𤴅, 𧇄, 𡙂, 𡸟, 𣓩, 𤲙, 𧑳
• 𭘦, 𭸖, 𰏛, 𮖓, 𮪌, 𰏆, 𰃱, 𫳗, 𰣇, 𫻾, 𬌊, 𬯞

See also

• 湽, 輺, 鍿, 𤱹, 葘, 𧇕, 𦿨

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 759, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21742
• Dae Jaweon: page 1169, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2531, character 5
• Unihan data for U+753E

• Unihan data for U+2F936

Chinese

simp. and trad.		甾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
輜	*ʔsrɯ, *sʰrɯ
淄	*ʔsrɯ
錙	*ʔsrɯ
緇	*ʔsrɯ
甾	*ʔsrɯ
菑	*ʔsrɯ, *ʔsɯː, *ʔsɯː
鶅	*ʔsrɯ, *ʔsrɯs
椔	*ʔsrɯ, *ʔsrɯs
鯔	*ʔsrɯ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯ) : phonetic 𠙹 + semantic 田 (“cropfield”), attested since Qin State of Warring States period. Evolved later into various different shapes – ⿱𠀐田, 𱰭, and 甾 (Chen, 2021).

The "container" sense was of a different character – 𠙹 – attested since oracle bones script. This sense was conflated with 甾 later, as in Middle Chinese rime books (ibid.) See the entry 𠙹 for more.

The basic structure of steroids (甾), featuring the tetracyclic backbone with three side chains.

This character was practically obsolete before it was revived as a modern translation for steroid. It is also a pictogram (象形) in this sense; the upper part represents the three side chains on the ring system, and the 田 component represents the tetracyclic core of steroids. See the image on right.

Smith (2011) interprets the oracle bone glyph as depicting the new moon and proposes that it originally wrote a word *ts[r]əʔ "darkened phase" i.e. "new moon", related to 緇 (OC *tsrə) "blackened", 菑 (OC *tsrə) "field cleared by slash and burn", 淄 (OC *tsrə) "murky (water)". Lunar meaning is also present in 臘／腊 (là) of which this character is the upper-right component.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Who and when repurposed this character as steroid though?”)

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zī (zi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zī
    • Zhuyin: ㄗ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zih
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ¹
    • Yale: dz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
    • Palladius: цзы (czy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsri

Rime
Character	甾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	側持切
Baxter	tsri
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂɨ/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃiə/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsrɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	甾
Reading #	1/1
No.	17824
Phonetic component	甾
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	葘
Old Chinese	/*ʔsrɯ/
Notes	同菑

Definitions

甾

1. Alternative form of 𠙹 (zī, “a kind of container”)
2. (～水) Original form of 淄 (zī, “Zi River, a river in Shandong province”).
3. Alternative form of 𨿴 (zī, “a kind of pheasant”)
4. Alternative form of 菑 (zī, “one-year-old cropfield”)
5. (historical) An ancient placename.

Compounds

• 甾丘
• 甾川
• 甾縣／甾县
• 臨甾／临甾

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zāi (zai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chir / chu / chai

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zai
    • Wade–Giles: tsai¹
    • Yale: dzāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzai
    • Palladius: цзай (czaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoi¹
    • Yale: jōi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zoi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir
    • Tâi-lô: tsir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu
    • Tâi-lô: tsu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai
    • Tâi-lô: tsai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zay
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai³³/

Note: chai - colloquial.

Definitions

甾

1. Alternative form of 災／灾 (zāi, “calamity; disaster”)
2. (～族, ～體) (biochemistry) steroid

Compounds

• 孕甾酮
• 植物甾醇
• 甾族
• 甾族化合物
• 甾核
• 甾烷
• 甾環／甾环
• 甾酮
• 甾醇
• 甾類／甾类
• 甾體／甾体 (zāitǐ)
• 皮質甾醇／皮质甾醇
• 睪甾酮／睾甾酮
• 羊毛甾醇 (yángmáozāichún)
• 雄甾烯酮
• 雄甾烯醇
• 雄甾酮
• 雌甾四烯
• 非甾體抗炎藥／非甾体抗炎药 (fēizāitǐ kàngyányào)
• 非那甾胺 (fēinàzāi'àn)
• 麥角甾醇／麦角甾醇
• 黃體甾酮／黄体甾酮

 

Japanese

Kanji

甾

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: さい (sai); し (shi)
• Kan-on: さい (sai); し (shi)
• Kun: かめ (kame, 甾)

Korean

Hanja

甾 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae)

1. pheasant
2. an ancient pottery
3. calamity

Vietnamese

Han character

甾: Hán Nôm readings: tai

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.