See also: and
U+707D, 災
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-707D

[U+707C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+707E]
災 U+2F918, 災
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F918
灊
[U+2F917]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 灷
[U+2F919]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

Stroke order
 

(Kangxi radical 86, +3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女女火 (VVF), four-corner 22809, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 666, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18879
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1075, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2190, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+707D

Chinese edit

trad. /
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin edit

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意): (flowing water) + (fire) – two main types of disaster, fire (conflagration) and flowing water (flooding).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa-t ~ dza-t (hot, fever, hurt, ill, temper); cognate with (OC *ʔsrɯ, *ʔsɯː, *ʔsɯː) "field cleared by slash and burn" (STEDT), which is its r-causative (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • che/cher - vernacular;
  • chai - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡sai⁵⁵/
    Harbin /t͡sai⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡sai²¹/
    Jinan /t͡sɛ²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡sɛ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /t͡sai²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡sai²¹/
    Xining /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /t͡sɛ³¹/
    Ürümqi /t͡sai⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡sai⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡sai⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡sai⁵⁵/
    Kunming /t͡sæ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /t͡sae³¹/
    Hefei /t͡se̞²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sai¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡sæ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sɛ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡se⁵³/
    Suzhou /t͡se̞⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡se̞³³/
    Wenzhou /t͡se³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sɛ³¹/
    Tunxi /t͡sə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡sai³³/
    Xiangtan /t͡sai³³/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sai⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sai⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /t͡sɑi²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔi⁵³/
    Nanning /t͡sɔi⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡sɔi⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sai⁵⁵/
    /t͡se⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sai⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡suɛ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sai³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sai²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (13)
    Final () (41)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter tsoj
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sʌi/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡səi/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡sɒi/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡səj/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡sᴀi/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sɒi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡sɑ̆i/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zāi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zoi1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    zāi
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tsoj ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ts]ˁə/
    English calamity

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16487
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ʔslɯː/
    Notes

    Definitions edit

    1. (literary, or in compounds) calamity; disaster; catastrophe
    2. (literary, or in compounds) personal misfortune
    3. (literary, or in compounds) stricken; disaster-affected; disaster-afflicted

    Synonyms edit

    • (calamity):

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    さい
    Grade: 5
    goon

    From Middle Chinese (tsoj, calamity).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (さい) (sai

    1. an act of God, a disaster, a calamity
    Usage notes edit

    Seldom used on its own. Most often used in compounds.

    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    わざわい
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spellings
    災い

    /wazapapi//wazaɸaɸi//wazawahi//wazawai/

    From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of (わざ) (waza, deed, doings), in reference to the doings of the (かみ) (kami, gods, spirits) + () (hai, spreading widely, literally crawling).[1] Compare the etymology of (さきわい) (sakiwai, good fortune). Compare also the connotations of the English term act of God in reference to disasters.

    Often spelled (わざわ) (wazawai) with the trailing okurigana (i) to make the reading more explicit.

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (わざわい) (wazawaiわざはひ (wazafafi)?

    1. an act of God, a disaster, a calamity
    Idioms edit

    References edit

    1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 재앙 (jaeang jae))

    1. Hanja form? of (disaster).

    Compounds edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: tai

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.