衚衕

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (衚衕/胡同)		衚/胡	衕/同
simp. (胡同)		胡	同

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衚衕

衚衕。

Etymology

First attested in Yuan Dynasty.

Probably a compound from 衕 (tòng, “street, passage”), a native word attested in Shuowen Jiezi,^[1] or from Middle Chinese 巷 (MC haewngH).^[2]

Alternatively, a loan word from Middle Mongol ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ (quddug, “water well”) (compare Mongolian худаг (xudag)), indicating that people lived where wells could be dug.

Another theory postulates that this is borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮ (ɣudum, “corridor, passage, passageway”) (compare Mongolian гудам (gudam)).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hútòng

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴ tung⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hútòng → hútong (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋ → ㄏㄨˊ ˙ㄊㄨㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: húto̊ng
  - Wade–Giles: hu²-tʻung⁵
  - Yale: hú-tung
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu.tonq
  - Palladius: хутун (xutun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵¹/ → /xu³⁵ tʰʊŋ³/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (衚衕兒／胡同儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hútòngr
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˋㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hútòngr
  - Wade–Giles: hu²-tʻung⁴-ʼrh
  - Yale: hú-tùngr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwutonql
  - Palladius: хутунр (xutunr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵ tʰʊ̃ɻ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu⁴ tung⁴
  - Yale: wùh tùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴ tung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴ tung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹ tʰʊŋ²¹/

Noun

衚衕

hutong (a narrow street, lane, or alley, most commonly in Beijing)
北京的春天很適合騎車逛衚衕。 [MSC, trad.]
北京的春天很适合骑车逛胡同。 [MSC, simp.]
Běijīng de chūntiān hěn shìhé qíchē guàng hútòng. [Pinyin]
Beijing’s spring is very suitable for cycling around the hutongs.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 衚衕 (“alley; lane”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		巷
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		衚衕, 巷子
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	衚衕兒
	Taiwan	巷子
	Chengde	衚衕
	Chifeng	衚衕兒
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	衚衕
	Heihe	衚衕
	Qiqihar	衚衕
	Harbin	衚衕兒
	Jiamusi	衚衕
	Baicheng	衚衕
	Changchun	衚衕兒
	Tonghua	衚衕
	Shenyang	衚衕
	Jinzhou	衚衕
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	衚衕兒
	Tangshan	衚衕, 巷道
	Cangzhou	衚衕兒, 過道
	Baoding	衚衕兒
	Shijiazhuang	衚衕兒
	Lijin	衚衕, 巷子
	Jinan	衚衕道, 衚衕, 巷子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	衚衕兒
	Dandong	衚衕
	Yantai	衚衕兒
	Yantai (Muping)	衚衕兒
	Qingdao	衚衕
	Zhucheng	衚衕
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	巷子
	Jining	衚衕兒
	Wanrong	衚衕
	Linfen	衚衕兒
	Shangqiu	衚衕
	Yuanyang	衚衕
	Zhengzhou	衚衕兒, 過道兒
	Xinyang	衚衕兒
	Baihe	衚衕, 巷子
	Xi'an	巷子
	Baoji	巷道
	Tianshui	巷子, 巷巷
	Xining	巷道, 巷巷
	Xuzhou	巷口子, 巷口兒
	Fuyang	衚衕
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	巷子
	Lanzhou	巷道, 巷子, 巷巷子
	Dunhuang	巷子
	Hami	巷子, 巷道
	Ürümqi	巷子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	巷子, 巷巷兒
	Nanchong	巷子
	Dazhou	巷子
	Hanyuan	巷子
	Xichang	巷巷兒
	Zigong	巷巷兒
	Chongqing	巷子, 巷巷兒
	Wuhan	巷子, 里分, 里
	Yichang	巷子
	Xiangyang	巷子, 道子
	Tianmen	巷子
	Guiyang	巷子
	Zunyi	巷兒, 巷巷兒
	Bijie	巷巷
	Liping	弄子
	Zhaotong	巷巷
	Dali	沖沖
	Kunming	巷, 巷巷
	Mengzi	巷巷
	Guilin	巷子
	Liuzhou	巷子
	Jishou	巷子
	Changde	巷兒, 弄兒
	Hanzhong	衚衕, 巷子, 巷道
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	巷子, 巷當
	Yangzhou	巷子
	Lianyungang	巷子
	Lianshui	巷子
	Nantong	巷子
	Anqing	巷, 巷道
	Wuhu	巷子
	Hefei	巷子
	Hong'an	巷子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	巷
	Hong Kong	巷, 巷仔
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	巷
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	巷
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	巷
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	巷
	Macau	巷
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	巷
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	巷
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	巷
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	冷, 巷
	Foshan	巷
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	巷
	Foshan (Shunde)	巷
	Foshan (Sanshui)	巷
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	巷
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	巷
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	巷
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	巷
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	巷
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	巷
	Taishan	巷
	Kaiping (Chikan)	巷
	Enping (Niujiang)	巷
	Heshan (Yayao)	巷
	Dongguan	巷, 巷仔
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	巷
	Yangjiang	巷
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	巷, 巷仔
Gan	Nanchang	巷子
	Lichuan	巷仔
	Pingxiang	巷子
Hakka	Meixian	巷仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	巷仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	巷仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	巷
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	巷仔
	Yudu	巷子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	巷仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	巷仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	巷仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	巷, 巷笐
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	巷
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	巷
	Hong Kong	巷
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	巷子
	Senai (Huiyang)	巷
Huizhou	Shexian	巷, 巷路
Jin	Taiyuan	巷, 黑浪
	Yangyuan	巷子, 巷兒
	Datong	巷兒, 巷
	Xinzhou	黑浪
	Lüliang (Lishi)	巷巷
	Changzhi	圪浪得
	Linhe	巷子
	Jining	巷子
	Hohhot	巷子
	Erenhot	巷子, 黑浪子
	Pingshan	衚衕
	Zhangjiakou	衚衕兒, 巷兒
	Handan	衚衕, 過道
	Linzhou	衚衕兒
	Suide	巷子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	巷仔, 弄仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	巷, 巷巷, 巷囝
	Fuzhou (Changle)	巷巷
	Fuqing	弄頭
	Yongtai	弄
	Gutian	巷囝
	Fu'an	巷
	Ningde	弄囝
	Shouning	巷囝
	Zhouning	巷囝
	Fuding	巷囝
Southern Min	Xiamen	巷, 巷仔
	Quanzhou	巷, 巷仔
	Zhangzhou	巷, 巷仔
	Zhao'an	巷仔
	Taipei	巷
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	巷仔
	Kaohsiung	巷仔
	Yilan	巷
	Changhua (Lukang)	巷
	Taichung	巷仔
	Tainan	巷
	Hsinchu	巷仔
	Kinmen	巷
	Penghu (Magong)	巷
	Penang (Hokkien)	巷仔
	Chaozhou	巷
	Shantou	巷囝
	Jieyang	巷, 巷囝
	Haifeng	巷
	Bangkok (Teochew)	巷
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	巷囝
	Leizhou	巷囝
	Haikou	舊弄巷, 家弄巷, 弄
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	巷
Wu	Shanghai	弄堂
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	弄堂, 小弄堂
	Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong)	弄堂
	Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	弄堂
	Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	弄堂
	Shanghai (Chongming)	弄堂, 弄
	Suzhou	弄堂, 巷
	Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)	弄堂
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	弄堂
	Wuxi	弄堂
	Changshu	弄堂
	Kunshan	弄堂
	Jiaxing	弄堂
	Changzhou	弄堂
	Liyang	巷, 弄堂
	Changzhou (Jintan)	弄堂
	Yixing	巷弄, 弄堂
	Danyang	弄堂
	Jingjiang	弄堂
	Jiangyin	弄堂
	Huzhou (Shuanglin)	巷
	Hangzhou	巷兒, 弄堂, 弄
	Shaoxing	弄堂
	Zhuji (Wangjiajing)	弄堂
	Shengzhou	弄堂
	Shengzhou (Chongren)	弄堂
	Shengzhou (Taiping)	弄堂
	Ningbo	弄堂, 小弄堂, 小路
	Yuyao	弄堂
	Taizhou (Huangyan)	弄堂
	Wenzhou	巷弄, 巷
	Quzhou	巷
	Jinhua	弄堂, 弄, 弄弄
	Yongkang	巷
Xiang	Changsha	巷子
Xiang	Shuangfeng	弄子

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (衚衕):

→ Japanese: 胡(こ)同(どう) (kodō)
→ Vietnamese: hồ đồng (衚衕)

Others:

→ English: hutong
→ Japanese: 胡同(フートン) (fūton)

References

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
衚	衕

Noun

衚衕

chữ Hán form of hồ đồng (“hutong”).

[1] ttps://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=gb&char=衕

[2] ttps://media.weibo.cn/article?id=2309404334995660497125

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