觳觫

Chinese

		(measure); frightened	tremble with fear
trad. (觳觫)		觳	觫
simp. #(觳觫)		觳	觫

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): húsù

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ ㄙㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): huk⁶ cuk¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: húsù
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ ㄙㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: húsù
    • Wade–Giles: hu²-su⁴
    • Yale: hú-sù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwusuh
    • Palladius: хусу (xusu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵ su⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: huk⁶ cuk¹
    • Yale: huhk chūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: huk⁹ tsuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: hug⁶ cug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊk̚² t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/

Verb

觳觫

1. (literary) to tremble in fear

   • 吾不忍其觳觫。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wú bùrěn qí húsù. [Pinyin]

     I cannot bear its frightened appearance.

   • 犧牲上場，如果顯得慷慨，他們就看了悲壯劇；如果顯得觳觫，他們就看了滑稽劇。 [MSC, trad.]
     牺牲上场，如果显得慷慨，他们就看了悲壮剧；如果显得觳觫，他们就看了滑稽剧。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1923, Lu Xun, What happens to Nora after she leaves? (《娜拉走後怎樣》)

     Xīshēng shàngchǎng, rúguǒ xiǎndé kāngkǎi, tāmen jiù kàn le bēizhuàng jù; rúguǒ xiǎndé húsù, tāmen jiù kàn le huájī jù. [Pinyin]

     Enter the martyr. If they conduct themselves with heroic passion, for the mere watchers that's just a stirring tragic show. If the hero trembles in fear, then the show becomes rather amusing.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
觳	觫
こく Hyōgai	そく Hyōgai
on'yomi

Etymology

From Literary Chinese. From 孟子/梁惠王上.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こくそく [kòkúsókú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞kɯ̟so̞kɯ̟]

Adjective

觳(こく)觫(そく) • (kokusoku) ^†-tari (adnominal 觳(こく)觫(そく)とした (kokusoku to shita) or 觳(こく)觫(そく)たる (kokusoku taru), adverbial 觳(こく)觫(そく)と (kokusoku to) or 觳(こく)觫(そく)として (kokusoku to shite))

1. fearing for one's life