吾

吾 U+543E, 吾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-543E ← 吽 [U+543D] CJK Unified Ideographs 吿 → [U+543F]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

吾 (radical 30 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一一口 (MMR), four-corner 1060₁, composition ⿱五口)

Derived charactersEdit

• 俉, 語 (语), 捂, 唔, 峿, 浯, 悟, 娪, 珸, 梧, 啎, 牾, 晤, 焐, 鋙 (铻), 齬 (龉), 鯃, 鼯, 郚, 敔, 圄, 痦, 逜, 衙, 寤, 窹

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 180, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3379
• Dae Jaweon: page 398, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 585, character 13
• Unihan data for U+543E

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		吾

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 吾
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bamboo and silk script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (五) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
吾	*ŋraː, *ŋaː
衙	*ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鼯	*ŋaː
浯	*ŋaː
珸	*ŋaː
郚	*ŋaː
齬	*ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
鯃	*ŋaː
娪	*ŋaː
梧	*ŋaː
峿	*ŋaː
五	*ŋaːʔ
伍	*ŋaːʔ
寤	*ŋaːs
啎	*ŋaːs
晤	*ŋaːs
悟	*ŋaːs
逜	*ŋaːs
窹	*ŋaːs
捂	*ŋaːs
鋙	*ŋa, *ŋaʔ
語	*ŋaʔ, *ŋas
圄	*ŋaʔ
敔	*ŋaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː): phonetic 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa (“I”). Cognate with 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”), 俺 (ǎn, “(dialectal Mandarin) I”), 𠊎 (ái, “(Hakka) I”).

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wú (wu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ng⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ǹg / ngâ
• Min Dong (BUC): ngù
• Min Nan (POJ): ngô͘ / gô͘
• Wu (Wiktionary): ngu (T3); hhngg (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: wú
    • Zhuyin: ㄨˊ
    • Wade-Giles: wu²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wu
    • IPA ^(key): /u³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ng⁴
    • Yale: ǹgh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ng⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋ̍²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ǹg / ngâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngˇ / nga´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ng² / nga¹
    • IPA: /ŋ̍¹¹/, /ŋa²⁴/

Note:

• ǹg - literary;
• ngâ - vernacular (“my”).

• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngù
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋu⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngô͘
    • Tâi-lô: ngôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngoo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ŋɔ̃²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô͘
    • Tâi-lô: gôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /gɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /gɔ¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: ngu (T3); hhngg (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋv̩ʷ²³/, /ɦŋ̍²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ŋuo/, /ŋˠa/▼

Rime
Character	吾	吾
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	五乎切	五加切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuo/	/ŋˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋuo/	/ŋᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋo/	/ŋa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɔ/	/ŋaɨ/
Li Rong	/ŋo/	/ŋa/
Wang Li	/ŋu/	/ŋa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋuo/	/ŋa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wú	yá

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*ŋˤa/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraː/, /*ŋaː/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú
Middle Chinese	‹ ngu ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˤa/
English	I, my
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吾	吾
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13135	13146
Phonetic component	五	五
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	牙	吾
Old Chinese	/*ŋraː/	/*ŋaː/
Notes	允吾漢縣

DefinitionsEdit

吾

1. (literary or dialectal) I

   • 吾觀全地球之社會，未有凌亂舊金山之華人者。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

     吾观全地球之社会，未有凌乱旧金山之华人者。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: February 1904, Liang Qichao, "Travel Notes of the New Continent"

     Wú guān quán dìqiú zhī shèhuì, wèi yǒu língluàn Jiùjīnshān zhī huárén zhě. [Pinyin]

     From all the societies I have seen in the world, there is no society as disorderly as the Chinese community in San Francisco.

2. (literary or dialectal) my
   • 吾皇 [Classical Chinese]  ―  wú huáng [Pinyin]  ―  my king
   • 吾姆 [Hakka]  ―  ngâ mê [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]  ―  my mom
3. A surname​. Wu

SynonymsEdit

CompoundsEdit

• 伊吾
• 余吾
• 先吾著鞭
• 吾人 (wúrén)
• 吾伊
• 吾儕／吾侪
• 吾兄 (wúxiōng)
• 吾吾
• 吾子
• 吾徒

• 吾愛／吾爱
• 吾當／吾当 (wúdāng)
• 吾輩／吾辈 (wúbèi)
• 吾道東矣／吾道东矣
• 唯吾獨尊／唯吾独尊
• 執金吾／执金吾 (zhí jīnwú)
• 左支右吾
• 支吾 (zhīwú)
• 支吾其詞／支吾其词 (zhīwuqící)

• 支支吾吾 (zhīzhīwūwū)
• 故吾
• 昆吾
• 東支西吾／东支西吾
• 江左夷吾
• 維吾爾／维吾尔 (Wéiwú'ěr)
• 蒼吾讓兄／苍吾让兄
• 金吾 (jīnwú)
• 金吾不禁

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

吾

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. I, me

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: ぐ (gu)
• Kan’on: ご (go)
• Kun: われ (ware), わが (waga), あ (a)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

吾 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune-Reischauer o)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Old JapaneseEdit

PronounEdit

吾 (wa) (kana わ)

1. I, oneself

DescendantsEdit

• Satsugi dialect: おい (oi)

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

吾 (ngô, ngo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• Nôm: ngo, ngô

ReferencesEdit

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999