高句麗

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (高句麗)	高	句	麗
simp. (高句丽)	高	句	丽
alternative forms	高句驪／高句骊高勾麗／高勾丽

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高句麗

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Korean [Term?]. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from Old Korean?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Gāogōulí

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄠㄍㄡㄌㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹ ngau¹ lei⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Gāogōulí
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄠㄍㄡㄌㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Gaogoulí
  - Wade–Giles: Kao¹-kou¹-li²
  - Yale: Gāu-gōu-lí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gaugouli
  - Palladius: Гаогоули (Gaogouli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ koʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵/

Note: Often mispronounced as Gāogōulì or Gāojùlì.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gou¹ ngau¹ lei⁴
  - Yale: gōu ngāu lèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹ ngau¹ lei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gou¹ ngeo¹ léi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵ ŋɐu̯⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: kaw kuw lje

Rime
Character	高	句	麗
Reading #	1/1	2/4	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	侯 (137)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	III
Fanqie	古勞切	古侯切	呂支切
Baxter	kaw	kuw	lje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑu/	/kəu/	/liᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑu/	/kəu/	/liɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑu/	/kəu/	/ljɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaw/	/kəw/	/liə̆/
Li Rong	/kɑu/	/ku/	/lie/
Wang Li	/kɑu/	/kəu/	/lǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑu/	/kə̯u/	/lie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāo	gōu	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gou¹	gau¹	lei⁴

Proper noun

高句麗

Goguryeo (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)

Coordinate terms

百濟／百济 (Bǎijì)
新羅／新罗 (Xīnluó)

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

高句麗

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Goguryeo

Wikipedia

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
高	句	麗
こう Grade: 2	く Grade: 5	り Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
高勾麗

/kaukuri/ → /kɔːkuri/ → /koːkuri/

From written Middle Chinese 高句麗, in turn likely from some variety of Old Korean.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ko̞ːkɯ̟ɾʲi]

Proper noun

高(こう)句(く)麗(り) • (Kōkuri) ^{←かうくり (kaukuri)^?}

(historical) the Goguryeo kingdom of 37 BCE – 668 CE, one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea, located in what is now North Korea and parts of Manchuria and far-eastern Russia

Synonyms

高麗(こま) (koma)

Coordinate terms

百済 (Kudara, Hyakusai, “Baekje”, another of the Three Kingdoms)
新羅 (Shiragi, “Silla”, another of the Three Kingdoms)

Derived terms

高(こう)句(く)麗(り)古(こ)墳(ふん) (Kōkuri kofun): a Goguryeo tumulus tomb

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
高	句	麗
こう > こ Grade: 2	く Grade: 5	り Grade: S
irregular	on'yomi

/koːkuri/ → /kokuri/

Alteration from Kōkuri.^[1]^[2] This usage developed after the two failed attempts in 1274 and 1281 to invade Japan by the combined forces of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and the Goryeo kingdom.^[1] Goryeo was a successor kingdom to Goguryeo, but in the popular Japanese language of the time, Goryeo was still referred to as 高句麗 (Kōkuri or Kokuri, i.e. “Goguryeo”) instead of 高麗 (Kōrai, the Japanese reading of “Goryeo”).

The adverb こくり (kokuri, “startedly, startlingly, (jumping up) suddenly”) likely derives from this usage.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ko̞kɯ̟ɾʲi]

Noun

高(こ)句(く)麗(り) • (kokuri)

something very unfortunate and scary
これは中々天人(なかなかてんじん)の子(こ)ではないぞ。むくりこくりが卵(たまご)よ。^[3]
Kore wa nakanaka tenjin no ko de wa nai zo. Mukuri kokuri ga tamago yo.
I tell you, this really isn't the child of any heavenly being. This is the spawn of great googly moogly.

Usage notes

Generally always seen in combination with むくり (mukuri) or もくり (mokuri), terms of similar meaning that derive from the word 蒙古 (Mōko, “Mongolia”).^[1]^[2] Compare the English slang phrase googly moogly, possibly derived from this Japanese phrase.

Derived terms

蒙古高句麗 (mokuri kokuri, mukuri kokuri)
高句麗蒙古 (kokuri mokuri, kokuri mukuri)

Idioms

高句麗蒙古(こくりもくり)の鬼(おに)が来(く)る (kokuri mokuri no oniga kuru): “Goguryeo and the Mongol demons are coming”

Proper noun

高(こ)句(く)麗(り) • (Kokuri)

(rare) the Goguryeo kingdom of 37 BCE – 668 CE, one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea, located in what is now North Korea and parts of Manchuria and far-eastern Russia

Synonyms

高麗(こま) (koma)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ c. 1610: 昨日は今日の物語 (Kinō wa Kyō no Monogatari, “The Tale of Yesterday is Today”), Anrakuan Sakuden

Korean

Hanja in this term
高	句	麗

Proper noun

高句麗 • (Goguryeo) (hangeul 고구려)

hanja form^? of 고구려 (“Goguryeo”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
高	句	麗

Proper noun

高句麗

chữ Hán form of Cao Câu Li (“Goguryeo”).

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[3] . 1610: 昨日は今日の物語 (Kinō wa Kyō no Monogatari, “The Tale of Yesterday is Today”), Anrakuan Sakuden

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