Portuguese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    From Old Galician-Portuguese -es, from Latin -ēnsis. Compare the borrowed doublet -ense.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ês m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eses, feminine -esa, feminine plural -esas)

    1. -ese (forms nouns indicating a native of the place)
      Holanda (Netherlands) + ‎-ês → ‎holandês (Dutchman)
    2. -ese (forms the names of languages spoken in a given place or by a given people)
      Holanda (Netherlands) + ‎-ês → ‎holandês (Dutch language)

    Suffix

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    -ês (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esa, masculine plural -eses, feminine plural -esas)

    1. -ese (forms adjectives describing a particular place)
      Synonyms: -ense, -eiro, -ista, -enho, -ita, -ota
      Holanda (Netherlands) + ‎-ês → ‎holandês (Dutch)

    Usage notes

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    The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:

    • -ção, -são (in feminine abstract nouns, incl. plurals) → -cion, -sion
    • -ão (as a non-verb suffix, incl. plurals) → -on
    • -ã(o) (incl. plurals) → -(i)an, -am, or -(i)on, depending on the base word's etymology
    • -m (incl. plurals) → -n
    • -z (in some nouns from Latin, incl. plurals) → -c(i)

    Derived terms

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