-ez
Basque edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-ez
- Instrumental plural suffix.
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
From -e- (epenthetic vowel) + -z (instrumental suffix).
Suffix edit
-ez
- Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -z (instrumental indefinite suffix)
Declension edit
Breton edit
Suffix edit
-ez f
Derived terms edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin -ātis (“second-person plural indicative present suffix”).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ez
- Forms the second-person plural indicative and imperative of several verb conjugations.
Usage notes edit
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
From -e- (linking vowel) + -z (verb-forming suffix).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ez
Usage notes edit
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -z is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -oz is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -az is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ez is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öz is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -áz is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik or -l/-ol/-al/-el/-öl/-ál.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ez
- suffix forming the imperative
Middle English edit
Suffix edit
-ez
- Alternative form of -yssh
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Likely borrowed from Spanish -ez, from Latin -itiem. Doublet of -ice.
Suffix edit
-ez f (noun-forming suffix, usually uncountable, plural -ezes)
- -ness (appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of ...", "the quality of ...", or "the measure of ...")
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
Romanian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from French -ais, Italian -ese, Greek -έζος (-ézos), from Latin -ensis.
Suffix edit
-ez m or n (feminine singular -eză, masculine plural -ezi, feminine and neuter plural -eze)
- Forms nouns and adjectives of nationality:
- Examples:
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Vulgar Latin -idiō, popular counterpart to Latin -izō, borrowed from Ancient Greek -ίζω (-ízō).
Used as an infix in Romanian verb conjugations (similarly to how Spanish and Portuguese use the unrelated -ecer from Latin -escere, from -escō (as in parecer, padecer, merecer, etc). The suffix does not appear in the infinitive form of the verb in Romanian. However, the infinitive form of the Romanian suffix can also be found fossilized as part of the infinitive of a few verbs, such as boteza, râncheza, undeza.
The same Vulgar Latin ending resulted in Italian -eggiare, Spanish and Portuguese -ear, Catalan and Occitan -ejar, and French -oyer. The Aromanian equivalent is -edz or -edzu.
Compare also the Romanian suffix later borrowed ultimately from the same source (through French), -iza.
Suffix edit
-ez
- used with a stem to form the first-person singular present of some -a (first conjugation) verbs.
Related terms edit
See also edit
Spanish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, ie. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Portuguese -es.
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-ez m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -eces)
- forms many Spanish surnames
Usage notes edit
- Spanish patronymics are often formed by substituting "-ez" for a final "o" or "e" in the first name of the father of the person whose surname is so formed. Thus, the son of Hernando becomes "Hernández", the son of Álvaro becomes "Álvarez", and the son of Enrique becomes "Enríquez".
For some Spanish patronymics, the suffix is not -ez but -iz or -oz, as in Ortiz, Muñiz, Muñoz. The name Cortez is not a patronymic but derived from the adjective cortés (“courteous”).
Derived terms edit
References edit
LAPESA, Rafael. Historia de la lengua española. (1968).
PIEL, J. M. Sobre os apelidos portugueses do tipo patronímico em-ici/-es. Boletim de Filologia (1963): 59-63.
BOULLÓN AGRELO, Ana Isabel. Cronoloxía e variación das fórmulas patronímicas na Galica altomedieval. Verba 22 (1995): 449-475.
BOBONE, Carlos. Os Apelidos Portugueses-Um Panorama Histórico. Leya, 2017.
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Latin -itiēs, an alternative form of -itia. Compare Romanian -ețe, French -esse and Portuguese -ice, Sicilian -izza.
Suffix edit
-ez f (noun-forming suffix, plural -eces)
- forms nouns of feminine gender from nouns and adjectives, denoting the state of the base term; -hood, -ness, -ty
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “-ez”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014