Basque edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

-ez

  1. Instrumental plural suffix.
Declension edit
Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -(e)k -ak -ek
dative -(r)i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -(r)en -aren -en -on
comitative -(r)ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -(r)engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -(r)entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -(e)z -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -(r)engan -arengan -engan -ongan
inanim. -(e)tan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
inanim. -(e)tako -(e)ko -etako -otako
allative anim. -(r)engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -(e)tara -(e)ra -etara -otara
terminative anim. -(r)enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -(e)taraino -(e)raino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -(r)enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -(e)tarantz -(e)rantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -(r)enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -(e)tarako -(e)rako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -(r)engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -(e)tatik -(e)tik -etik -otik
partitive -(r)ik
prolative -tzat

Etymology 2 edit

From -e- (epenthetic vowel) +‎ -z (instrumental suffix).

Suffix edit

-ez

  1. Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -z (instrumental indefinite suffix)
Declension edit
Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -(e)k -ak -ek
dative -(r)i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -(r)en -aren -en -on
comitative -(r)ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -(r)engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -(r)entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -(e)z -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -(r)engan -arengan -engan -ongan
inanim. -(e)tan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
inanim. -(e)tako -(e)ko -etako -otako
allative anim. -(r)engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -(e)tara -(e)ra -etara -otara
terminative anim. -(r)enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -(e)taraino -(e)raino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -(r)enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -(e)tarantz -(e)rantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -(r)enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -(e)tarako -(e)rako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -(r)engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -(e)tatik -(e)tik -etik -otik
partitive -(r)ik
prolative -tzat

Breton edit

Suffix edit

-ez f

  1. -ess; suffix forming the feminine of a noun
    kazh (tomcat) + ‎-ez → ‎kazhez (female cat)

Derived terms edit

French edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Latin -ātis (second-person plural indicative present suffix).

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-ez

  1. Forms the second-person plural indicative and imperative of several verb conjugations.

Usage notes edit

  • Apart from the suffix there are only four usual words in -ez: assez, chez, nez, rez. These are also pronounced with final /e/.

Hungarian edit

Etymology edit

From -e- (linking vowel) + -z (verb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-ez

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.
    hely (place) + ‎-ez → ‎helyez (to place)

Usage notes edit

  • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -z is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -oz is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -az is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ez is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -öz is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -áz is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik or -l/-ol/-al/-el/-öl/-ál.

Derived terms edit

See also edit

Ido edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from French -ez.

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-ez

  1. suffix forming the imperative
    helpar (to help) + ‎-ez → ‎helpez (help!)

Middle English edit

Suffix edit

-ez

  1. Alternative form of -yssh

Portuguese edit

Pronunciation edit

 

Etymology 1 edit

Likely borrowed from Spanish -ez, from Latin -itiem. Doublet of -ice.

Suffix edit

-ez f (noun-forming suffix, usually uncountable, plural -ezes)

  1. -ness (appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of ...", "the quality of ...", or "the measure of ...")
    Synonyms: -eza, -idade, -idão
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

-ez (feminine -eza, plural -ezes, feminine plural -ezas)

  1. Archaic spelling of -ês.

Romanian edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from French -ais, Italian -ese, Greek -έζος (-ézos), from Latin -ensis.

Suffix edit

-ez m or n (feminine singular -eză, masculine plural -ezi, feminine and neuter plural -eze)

  1. Forms nouns and adjectives of nationality:
-ish, -an
  • Examples:
englez, olandez, francez, etc.
Declension edit

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Vulgar Latin -idiō, popular counterpart to Latin -izō, borrowed from Ancient Greek -ίζω (-ízō).

Used as an infix in Romanian verb conjugations (similarly to how Spanish and Portuguese use the unrelated -ecer from Latin -escere, from -escō (as in parecer, padecer, merecer, etc). The suffix does not appear in the infinitive form of the verb in Romanian. However, the infinitive form of the Romanian suffix can also be found fossilized as part of the infinitive of a few verbs, such as boteza, râncheza, undeza.

The same Vulgar Latin ending resulted in Italian -eggiare, Spanish and Portuguese -ear, Catalan and Occitan -ejar, and French -oyer. The Aromanian equivalent is -edz or -edzu.

Compare also the Romanian suffix later borrowed ultimately from the same source (through French), -iza.

Suffix edit

-ez

  1. used with a stem to form the first-person singular present of some -a (first conjugation) verbs.
    lucralucrez
    duradurez
    frânafrânez
    vânavânez
Related terms edit

See also edit

Spanish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, ie. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Portuguese -es.

Alternative forms edit

Suffix edit

-ez m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -eces)

  1. forms many Spanish surnames
    Enrique + ‎-ez → ‎Enríquez
    Lope + ‎-ez → ‎López
    Gutierre + ‎-ez → ‎Gutiérrez
    Sancho + ‎-ez → ‎Sánchez
Usage notes edit
  • Spanish patronymics are often formed by substituting "-ez" for a final "o" or "e" in the first name of the father of the person whose surname is so formed. Thus, the son of Hernando becomes "Hernández", the son of Álvaro becomes "Álvarez", and the son of Enrique becomes "Enríquez".

For some Spanish patronymics, the suffix is not -ez but -iz or -oz, as in Ortiz, Muñiz, Muñoz. The name Cortez is not a patronymic but derived from the adjective cortés (courteous).

Derived terms edit

References edit

LAPESA, Rafael. Historia de la lengua española. (1968).

PIEL, J. M. Sobre os apelidos portugueses do tipo patronímico em-ici/-es. Boletim de Filologia (1963): 59-63.

BOULLÓN AGRELO, Ana Isabel. Cronoloxía e variación das fórmulas patronímicas na Galica altomedieval. Verba 22 (1995): 449-475.

BOBONE, Carlos. Os Apelidos Portugueses-Um Panorama Histórico. Leya, 2017.

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Latin -itiēs, an alternative form of -itia. Compare Romanian -ețe, French -esse and Portuguese -ice, Sicilian -izza.

Suffix edit

-ez f (noun-forming suffix, plural -eces)

  1. forms nouns of feminine gender from nouns and adjectives, denoting the state of the base term; -hood, -ness, -ty
    niño (child) + ‎-ez → ‎niñez (childhood)
    viejo (old) + ‎-ez → ‎vejez (old age)
    estúpido (stupid) + ‎-ez → ‎estupidez (stupidity)
    gigante (huge) + ‎-ez → ‎gigantez (hugeness)
Derived terms edit

See also edit

Further reading edit