ex-

See also: ex, Ex, ex., and -ex

EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

e-

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English, from words borrowed from Middle French; from Latin ex (“out of, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, “out of, from”), Transalpine Gaulish ex- (“out”), Old Irish ess- (“out”), Old Church Slavonic изъ (izŭ, “out”), Russian из (iz, “from, out of”).

PrefixEdit

ex-

out of
borrowed from Latin: extract, expel, except, expression, exclusion
outside
ex-directory; borrowed from Latin: exterior
former, but still living (almost always used with a hyphen)
ex-husband, ex-president, ex-wife
(biology) Lacking.
excaudate, exstipulate

Usage notesEdit

Sometimes the x in ex- is elided before certain constants, being reduced to e- (as, e.g., in ejaculate and egregious which are borrowed from Latin).
Words derived from ex- in the sense of former are usually formed with a hyphen. Using hyphen is recommended by GPO manual.^[1]

SynonymsEdit

(outside): out-, exo-, ecto-
(former): then-
(lacking): an-, -less, -free

AntonymsEdit

(outside): in-, intra-, en-/em-/im-, end-/endo-

Derived termsEdit

English terms prefixed with ex-

Derived words without entries:

TranslationsEdit

former

Catalan: ex- (ca)
Czech: ex- (cs)
Danish: eks-
Dutch: ex- (nl)
Esperanto: eks- (eo)
Estonian: endine (et)
French: ex- (fr)
German: ex- (de)
Greek: πρώην (el) (próin)
Ancient: γενόμενος (genómenos)
Hungarian: ex- (hu)
Ido: ex-

Indonesian: eks-
Japanese: 前 (ja) (zen-), 旧 (ja) (kyū-), 元 (ja) (moto-)
Kannada: ಮಾಜಿ (kn) (māji)
Khmer: អតីត (km) (ʼaʼdət)
Korean: 전 (ko) (jeon)
Persian: اکس‎ (eks-)
Polish: eks- (pl)
Portuguese: ex- (pt)
Russian: экс- (eks-)
Slovak: ex-
Spanish: ex- (es)
Swedish: ex- (sv)

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

^ 6. Compounding Rules in U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, govinfo.gov

Further readingEdit

ex- at OneLook Dictionary Search
“ex-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
“ex-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
“ex-”, in Collins English Dictionary.
ex- in Britannica Dictionary
“ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.
“ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.

AnagramsEdit

XE, xe

CzechEdit

PrefixEdit

ex-

ex- (former)

Derived termsEdit

Czech terms prefixed with ex-

Further readingEdit

ex- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from French ex-, from Latin ex-.

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): /ɛks/

PrefixEdit

ex-

ex- (former, but still living)

Derived termsEdit

ex

Dutch terms prefixed with ex-

FrenchEdit

PrefixEdit

ex-

ex- (former)
‎ex- + ‎femme → ‎ex-femme

Derived termsEdit

French terms prefixed with ex-

Further readingEdit

“ex-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

GermanEdit

PrefixEdit

ex-

ex- (former)
ex- (out)

Derived termsEdit

German terms prefixed with ex-

Further readingEdit

“ex-” in Duden online

HungarianEdit

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [ˈɛks]

PrefixEdit

ex-

ex- (former)

Derived termsEdit

Hungarian terms prefixed with ex-

Further readingEdit

ex- in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2022)

ItalianEdit

PrefixEdit

ex-

ex-

LatinEdit

Alternative formsEdit

ē- (before b, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, or v)
ec-, ef- (before f)

EtymologyEdit

The preposition ex, ē used in combination.

PronunciationEdit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /eks/, [ɛks̠]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eks/, [eks]

PrefixEdit

ex-

out, away
‎ē- + ‎veniō → ‎ēveniō

‎ex- + ‎clāmō (“call, shout”) → ‎exclāmō (“call out, exclaim”)

‎ex- + ‎eō (“go”) → ‎exeō (“exit, depart”)
throughout
‎ē- + ‎dormiō → ‎ēdormiō

‎ē- + ‎pōtō (“drink”) → ‎ēpōtō (“drink up”)
(intensive) thoroughly
‎ē- + ‎dūrus → ‎ēdūrō

‎ex- + ‎acuō → ‎exacuō
denoting achievement
‎ex- + ‎ōrō → ‎exōrō

‎ex- + ‎pugnō (“battle, fight, combat”) → ‎expugnō (“capture, conquer”)
up
‎ex- + ‎aggerō → ‎exaggerō

‎ex- + ‎struō (“pile, arrange”) → ‎exstruō (“heap up, build up, construct”)
denoting privation
‎ex- + ‎anima (“air, breath, soul, life”) → ‎exanimō (“deprive of air, deprive of life”)

‎ex- + ‎sanguis (“blood”) → ‎exsanguis (“deprived of blood, bloodless”)

Derived termsEdit

Latin terms prefixed with ex-

DescendantsEdit

French: é-
Italian: s-, es-
Old Occitan:
- Occitan: es-
Portuguese: es-, ex-
Sicilian: s- (before consonant), sc- (before vowel)
Spanish: es-

ReferencesEdit

“ex-” on pages 629–630 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

Middle EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

ef- (before f)

EtymologyEdit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

PrefixEdit

ex-

privation
‎ef- + ‎flouren → ‎efflouren

Derived termsEdit

Middle English terms prefixed with ex-

PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Latin ex.

PronunciationEdit

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe(j)s/, /ˈe(j)ʃ/
Homophones: ex, -ês, Es (without /j/), eis (with /j/)

PrefixEdit

ex-

ex- (former)

Usage notesEdit

Always used with a hyphen.

Derived termsEdit

ex

Portuguese terms prefixed with ex-

SlovakEdit

PrefixEdit

ex-

ex- (former)

Derived termsEdit

Slovak terms prefixed with ex-

SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin ex.

PrefixEdit

ex-

ex- (former)

Derived termsEdit

Spanish terms prefixed with ex-

Further readingEdit

“ex-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

SwedishEdit

PrefixEdit

ex-

ex-, former, past

Derived termsEdit

Swedish terms prefixed with ex-

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