ex-
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English, from words borrowed from Middle French; from Latin ex (“out of, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, “out of, from”), Transalpine Gaulish ex- (“out”), Old Irish ess- (“out”), Old Church Slavonic изъ (izŭ, “out”), Russian из (iz, “from, out of”).
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): (hyphened always) /ɛks/
- IPA(key): (unhyphened with primary or secondary stress) /ɛks/, (before a vowel) /ɛɡz/
- IPA(key): (unhyphened unstressed) /ɪks/, (before a vowel) /ɪɡz/
Prefix edit
ex-
- out of
- borrowed from Latin: extract, expel, except, expression, exclusion
- outside
- ex-directory; borrowed from Latin: exterior
- former
- 1969 December 7, “Full Frontal Nudity”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus[1], season 1, episode 8, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese), Dead Parrot sketch:
- This parrot is no more. It has ceased to be. It's expired and gone to see its maker. This is a late parrot. It's a stiff. Bereft of life, it rests in peace. If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies. It's run down the curtain and joined the choir invisible. This is an ex-parrot.
- (biology) Lacking, not possessing.
Usage notes edit
- Sometimes the x in ex- is elided before certain constants, being reduced to e- (as, e.g., in ejaculate and egregious which are borrowed from Latin).
- Words derived from ex- in the sense of former are usually formed with a hyphen. Using hyphen is recommended by GPO manual.[1]
Synonyms edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Derived words without entries:
- ex-actor
- ex-athlete
- ex-Beatle
- ex-boss
- ex-CEO
- ex-CFO
- ex-Christian
- ex-colleague
- ex-consul
- ex-councillor
- ex-Czar
- ex-dictator
- ex-director
- ex-doctor
- ex-drummer
- ex-emperor
- ex-employee
- ex-fighter
- ex-fighter pilot
- ex-friend
- ex-governor
- ex-guitarist
- ex-Hindu
- ex-Jesuit
- ex-Jew
- ex-Jewish
- ex-judge
- ex-Kaiser
- ex-lover
- ex-manager
- ex-mayor
- ex-minister
- ex-Muslim
- ex-official
- ex-organ grinder
- ex-piano player
- ex-pilot
- ex-policeman
- ex-police officer
- ex-praetor
- ex-priest
- ex-programmer
- ex-scientist
- ex-Scientologist
- ex-senator
- ex-sergeant
- ex-soldier
- ex-statistician
- ex-student
Translations edit
former
|
See also edit
References edit
- ^ 6. Compounding Rules in U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, govinfo.gov
Further reading edit
- “ex-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “ex-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- “ex-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- “ex-”, in Collins English Dictionary.
- ex- in Britannica Dictionary
- John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.
- John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.
Anagrams edit
Czech edit
Prefix edit
ex-
- ex- (former)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- ex- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French ex-, from Latin ex-.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ex-
- ex- (former, but still living)
Derived terms edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ex-
Synonyms edit
French edit
Prefix edit
ex-
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “ex-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Prefix edit
ex-
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “ex-” in Duden online
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ex-
- ex- (former)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- ex- in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Italian edit
Prefix edit
ex-
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
The preposition ex, ē used in combination.
Pronunciation edit
Prefix edit
ex-
- out, away
- throughout
- (intensive) thoroughly
- denoting achievement
- up
- denoting privation
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “ex-” on pages 629–630 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
- ef- (before f)
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix edit
ex-
Derived terms edit
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- Homophones: ex, -ês, Es (without /j/), eis (with /j/)
Prefix edit
ex-
- ex- (former)
Usage notes edit
Always used with a hyphen.
Derived terms edit
Slovak edit
Prefix edit
ex-
- ex- (former)
Derived terms edit
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Prefix edit
ex-
- ex- (former)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “ex-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish edit
Prefix edit
ex-