-es
Contents
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English -es, from Old English -as. More at -s.
SuffixEdit
-es
- Used to form the regular plural of nouns
- that end in "(t)ch" (only when pronounced as [tʃ]) — glitch → glitches (but psych → psychs)
- that end in "(j)j" — hajj → hajjes ("j" is only final in loan words raj, hajj)
- that end in "(s)s(e)" — bus → buses, house → houses
- that end in "x" — box → boxes
- that end in "(z)z" — waltz → waltzes
- that end in "o" (in some cases) — tomato → tomatoes (but soprano → sopranos)
- that end in "sh" — ash → ashes
- that end in "y" — lady → ladies
- that end in "ce" — fence → fences
- that end in "(d)ge" — bridge → bridges, range → ranges
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English -es, -is, from Old English -es, -as, Northern variants of -est, -ast (second person singular indicative ending). Replaced Middle English -eth, from Old English -eþ, -aþ. The falling together of the second and third person singular verb forms in English is believed to be due to Scandinavian influence, where the employment of the same verbal endings for both 2nd and 3rd singular indicative follows a similar pattern to that seen in Old Norse (e.g. þú masar, hann masar; þú þekkir, hann þekkir; etc.).
SuffixEdit
-es
- Used to form the third person singular present of verbs
- that end in "(t)ch" (only when pronounced as [tʃ]) — impeach → impeaches (but psych → psychs)
- that end in "(s)s" — miss → misses
- that end in "x" — tax → taxes
- that end in "(z)z" — fizz → fizzes
- that end in "o" — go → goes
- that end in "sh" — wish → wishes
- that end in "y" — cry → cries
- that end in "ce" — dance → dances
- that end in "(d)ge" — bridge → bridges, range → ranges
AnagramsEdit
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch -esse, borrowed from Northern Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa (as in abbātissa (“abbess”)).[1]
SuffixEdit
-es
- Creates the female form of persons or occupations, as English -ess.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ A. van Loey, "Schönfeld's Historische Grammatica van het Nederlands", Zutphen, 8. druk, 1970, ISBN 90-03-21170-1; § 180
EsperantoEdit
SuffixEdit
-es
- belonging to. (Ending for genitive correlatives.)
Derived termsEdit
GermanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-es
- Alternative form of -s (genitive ending)
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-es (invariable)
Derived termsEdit
- -eses (“double flat”)
AntonymsEdit
- -is (“sharp”)
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-es
- (adjective suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality".
- (noun suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.
- (number suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure.
Usage notesEdit
- (all senses) Harmonic variants:
- -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -os is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant
- -as is added to other back vowel words ending in a consonant
- -es is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ös is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
LatinEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-ēs f (genitive -is); third declension
- used to form a third-declension feminine abstract noun designating the result of an action from a verb root or conceived root form
DeclensionEdit
Third declension i-stem.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ēs | -ēs |
| genitive | -is | -ium |
| dative | -ī | -ibus |
| accusative | -em | -ēs |
| ablative | -e | -ibus |
| vocative | -ēs | -ēs |
Further forms are nom.sg. -is (e.g. caedis, sedis) and gen.pl. -um (e.g. caedum, sedum).
Derived termsEdit
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Non-lemma forms.
SuffixEdit
-ēs
Old EnglishEdit
SuffixEdit
-es
- Possessive marker, indicating than an object belongs to the noun
- Used in formation of adverbs, originally from the genitive of masculine and neuter nouns, but later added also to feminine nouns by analogy
DescendantsEdit
PortugueseEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-es
- forms the 2nd-person singular present indicative of 2nd and 3rd conjugation verbs
- forms the 2nd-person singular present subjunctive of 1st conjugation verbs
- forms the 2nd-person singular negative imperative of 1st conjugation verbs
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-es
- forms the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in -r, -z, stressed -s and of some ending in -n
Etymology 3Edit
From Old Portuguese -es, -ez, from the Latin genitive suffix -icī, from -icus, or from -is of the third declension (Appendix:Latin third declension), originating as a calque of surname-formation conventions of the Visigoths.
Compare Spanish -ez.
SuffixEdit
-es
- (historical) -son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)
SpanishEdit
SuffixEdit
-es
- Suffix indicating the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in certain consonants (most often -l, -r, -n, -d, -z, -j, -s, -x, -ch, with some exceptions).
- Suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -er and -ir verbs.
- Suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ar verbs
See alsoEdit
- -s
- -as
- Rules for pluralizing nouns and adjectives in Spanish (Royal Academy's Diccionario de dudas, en español)
SwedishEdit
SuffixEdit
-es
- Suffix used for marking the passive voice of verbs. This variant is used for the present passive of those verbs of the second and fourth conjugations (weak and strong -er verbs respectively) that have stems ending in s. Other verbs normally take only -s. However, until the middle decades of the 20th century (approximately) it was rule to use -es with all -er verbs, which today is considered archaic. This use may occasionally appear in more modern texts (certain phrases). läsa (“to read”) → läses (“is read”), låsa (“to lock”) → låses (“is locked”)
- -ese; making a nationality from the name of a country
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the Proto-Brythonic -issā, ultimately borrowed from (or perhaps cognate to) the Latin -issa.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-es
- Used to form nouns meaning the female equivalent of.
Derived termsEdit
YolaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English -es, from Old English -as, nominative-accusative plural ending of masculine a-stem (i.e. strong) declension nouns, from Proto-Germanic *-ōs, *‑ōz, from Proto-Indo-European *-es, *-oes (plural ending). Cognate with English -s (plural noun ending).
SuffixEdit
-es