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Korean

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Pronunciation

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Romanizations
Revised Romanization?ya
Revised Romanization (translit.)?ya
McCune–Reischauer?ya
Yale Romanization?ya

Etymology 1

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From Middle Korean -야〮 (Yale: -yá); see the main entry for more.

Particle

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-야 (-ya)

  1. Post-vowel allomorphic form of -아 (-a, hey, vocative particle).
    현우, 엎질렀어?Hyeonu-ya, neo-ga mul eopjilleosseo?Hyeonwoo, did you spill the water?
    나무, 이름 ?namu-ya, neon ireum-i mwo-ni?Hey, tree, what's your name?
    찰스, 힙스터가 뭐야?chalseuya, hipseuteoga mwoya?Charles, what is a "hipster?"
Usage notes
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  • For words formed by the suffix -이 (-i) or ends with a consonant, the suffix is typically deleted and the vocative takes -아 (-a).
두꺼비 (dukkeobi, toad) > 두껍 (dukkeob-a, hey, toad)
민욱 (minuk, Minwook) > 민욱 (minug-a, Hey, Minwook)
  • The word is used as an informal suffix. The formal equivalents to the word are -님 and -씨. For example:
찰스, 책 재밌니?chalseuya, chaek jaeminni?Charles, is the book interesting?
두보이스 , 책이 흥미로우셨나요?duboiseu ssi, chaegi heungmirousyeonnayo?Mr. DuBois, are you feeling being interested in the book?

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-야 (-ya)

  1. Alternative form of -어 (-eo, intimate-style suffix), used after the copulas -이다 (-ida, to be) and 아니다 (anida, to not be).
    이게 바로 표범.Ige baro pyobeom-i-ya.This is what they call a leopard.
    ?mwo-ya?What is it?
    아니. 없어.Ani-ya. Hal mal eopseo.It's nothing. I have nothing to say.
Usage notes
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  • Only used directly after the stems of -이다 (-ida, to be), either explicit or implicit, and its negative 아니다 (anida, to not be). If another suffix intervenes, the suffix reverts to -어 (-eo):
    ?mwo-yeoss-eo?What was this? (with past-marking -었- (-eot-))
  • Before -요 (-yo, politeness-marking particle attached to the intimate style), the form is again irregular -에요 (-eyo), and 에요 (i-eyo) contracts to -예요 (-yeyo) following a vowel.
    > 예요?mwo-ya > mwo-yeyo?What's this? (intimate) > What's this? (polite)
  • It cannot replace -어 (-eo) in its infinitive/connective sense. The copulas' equivalent to connective -어 (-eo) is -라 (-ra), although -어 (-eo) can still be used.

Etymology 3

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From Middle Korean -ᅀᅡ〮 (Yale: -zá), from Old Korean (*-sa); see the main entry for more.

Particle

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-야 (-ya)

  1. Post-vowel allomorphic form of -이야 (-iya, emphatic particle).

See also

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