Korean edit

Alternative forms edit

  • (-o-)after vowels or (l), before vowels
  • (-op-)after vowels or (l), before consonants
  • 으오 (-euo-)after other consonants, before vowels
  • 으옵 (-euop-)after other consonants, before consonants

Etymology edit

From Middle Korean ᅀᆞᇦ (Yale: -zòW◌́-, object-honoring suffix), from Old Korean (*SOLPO-). The expected form after consonants is (-seup-), cf. (-so) and 습니다 (-seumnida), but in contemporary Korean an epenthetical vowel was introduced instead to produce 으옵 (-euop).

Pronunciation edit

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?euop
Revised Romanization (translit.)?euob
McCune–Reischauer?ŭop
Yale Romanization?uop

Suffix edit

으옵 (-euop-)

  1. (very formal or dated) A highly polite deferential suffix.
    ha-o-ni
    다름이 아니dareum-i ani-o-ra
    대자대비 세존 귀의하 지극정성으로 발원하나이다.
    Daejadaebi sejon-kke gwiui-ha-op-go jigeukjeongseong-euro barwon-ha-naida.
    I turn towards the ever-compassionate World-Honored One [the Buddha], and with utmost devotion I utter my prayer.

Usage notes edit

  • The (b) is lost before the epenthetical vowel (-eu-), which itself is elided. This can make it seem as if the (-o-) or 으오 (-euo) combines to consonant-initial suffixes:
    (ha-) + ‎으옵 (-euop-) + ‎으니 (-euni) → ‎하오니 (haoni)
    아니 (ani-) + ‎으옵 (-euop-) + ‎으라 (-eura) → ‎아니오라 (aniora)