Appendix:Old Cyrillic script

This appendix explains characters written in the Old Cyrillic script.

This is the Cyrillic alphabet, as used in Old Church Slavonic and other Slavic languages before the eighteenth century. Sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet. Transliteration method is the scholarly system used in linguistics.

Text entry

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The classic Cyrillic alphabet has different writing and typographical conventions from the modern.

  • е, Е (е, Е) – the normal, narrow letter iest is represented by the Cyrillic letter е (Unicode U+0435). This should be used in most entries.
  • є, Є (є, Є) – the broad, or anchor, form of iest is represented by the Cyrillic letter є (U+0454). This should appear in a main or alternate-form entry where it is attested, and should be used in a citation following the source.
  • оу, ОУ (, ОУ) Should be entered as two separate characters (о+у, О+У). The Unicode combined Uk Ꙋ, ꙋ (U+0478, U+0479) is deprecated.
  • ꙑ, Ꙑ (, ) should be used instead of the modern ы, Ы.
  • ꙗ, Ꙗ (, ) should be used instead of the modern я, Я.

The Cyrillic alphabet

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Old Cyrillic alphabet (ISO 15924 code Cyrs)
Greek uncial Cyrillic ustav Modern Old Church Slavonic names Sound Translit.
    а А а азъ (azŭ) [a] a
(в)   б Б б б боукꙑ (buky) [b] b
    в В в вѣди (vědi), вѣдѣ (vědě) [v] v
    г, г҄ Г г глаголи (glagoli), глаголъ (glagolŭ) [ɡ] g
    д Д д добро (dobro) [d] d
    е, є Е е ѥсть (jestĭ), естъ (estŭ) [ɛ] ([jɛ] when not preceded by a consonant) e
(Ⰶ)   ж Ж ж живѣте (živěte) [ʒʲ]~[ʒ] ž
(зꙁ)
(cursive digamma)
   
  ѕ

(Ѕ ѕ)
ѕѣло (dzělo), зѣло (zělo) [d͡z]~[d͡zʲ]~[zʲ] dz
       , з З з землꙗ (zemlja) [z] z
     и И и и (i), ижеи (ižei) [i] (usually [ji] or [jɪ] when not preceded by a consonant) i
    і ї І і иже (iže) [i] (usually [ji] or [jɪ] when not preceded by a consonant) i
Absent (see г҄) eрвь (ervĭ), дервь (dervĭ) [gʲ]~[dʲ]~[j] ǵ
    к К к како (kako) [k] k
    л, Л л людьѥ (ljudĭje), людиѥ (ljudije) [l] (sometimes [ʎ]) l
    м М м мꙑслите (myslite), мꙑслѣте (myslěte) [m] m
     н Н н нашь (našĭ) [n] (sometimes [ɲ]) n
    о О о онъ (onŭ) [o]~[ɔ] o
    п П п покои (pokoi) [p] p
    р Р р рьци (rĭci) [r] (sometimes [rʲ]) r
    с С с слово (slovo) [s] s
    т Т т тврьдо (tvrĭdo), тврдо (tvrdo), твердо (tverdo) [t] t
(о+ѵ)   оу У у оукъ (ukŭ), икъ (ikŭ) [u] u
    ф Ф ф фьртъ (fĭrtŭ), фртъ (frtŭ) [f] (occasionally [p]) f
    х Х х хѣръ (xěrŭ), херь (xerĭ) [x] x
    ѡ ѿ ѡтъ (otŭ) [o]~[ɔ] o (ô)
  ц Ц ц ци (ci) [t͡s]~[t͡sʲ] c
  ч Ч ч чрьвь (črĭvĭ) [t͡ʃ]~[t͡ʃʲ] č
  ш Ш ш ша (ša) [ʃ]~[ʃʲ] š
(ш+т / Ⱋ)   щ Щ щ ща (šta), шта (šta) [tʲ]~[ʃʲtʲ]~[ʃt͡ʃ]~[ʃt] št
  ъ Ъ ъ ѥръ (jerŭ) [ʊ]~[ŭ] (neutralized to [ɪ] after ж, ѕ, ц, ч, ш, щ, жд) ŭ (ъ, ”)
(ъ+і)   , ъи (y) Ы ы ѥрꙑ (jery) [ɯ]~[ɨ] or [ɯji]~[ɯjɪ]~[ɯjĭ] y
  ь Ь ь ѥрь (jerĭ) [ɪ]~[ĭ] ǐ (ь, ’)
  ѣ Ѣѣ ѣть (ětĭ), ꙗть (jatĭ) [æ] ([e] in western South Slavic dialects) ě
(і+оу)   ю Ю ю ю (ju) [ju] ([u] after ж, ѕ, ц, ч, ш, щ, жд) ju
(і+а)   (ja), иꙗ (ija) [ja] ja
(і+е)   ѥ ѥ (je), иѥ (ije) [jɛ] je
  ѧ, Я я ѧсъ (ęsŭ), юсъ малыи (jusŭ malyi) [ɛ̃] ([jɛ̃] when not preceded by a consonant) ę
(і+ѧ)   ѩ ѩсъ (jęsŭ), юсъ малыи иотірованныи (jusŭ malyi iotirovannyi) [jɛ̃]
  ѫ ѫсъ (ǫsŭ), юсъ большии (jusŭ bolĭšii) [ɔ̃] ǫ
(і+ѫ)   ѭ ѭсъ (jǫsŭ), юсъ больший иотірованныи (jusŭ bolĭšij iotirovannyi) [jɔ̃]
    ѯ кси (ksi) [ks] ks
    ѱ пси (psi) [ps] ps
    ѳ Ѳ ѳ ѳита (θita) [t]~[θ] θ (th, ḟ)
    ѵ [Ѵ ѵ] ижица (ižica) [i]~[y], [v] ü (ẏ)
Nasal characters value[1]
Source ѧ : ѩ ѫ : ѭ
Hil ѧ : ꙙ ѫ : ѭ
Supr ꙙ/[ѧ] : ѧ ...
Слуц. ꙙ/[ѧ] : ѧ ...
Макед. XI ꙙ : ꙙ ...
Sav ѧ/[ꙙ] : ѧ ...
10² 10¹ 10⁰
1 р і ї а
2 с к в
3 т л г
4 оу ѵ м д
5 ф н е
6 х ѯ ѕ
7 ѱ о з
8 ѡ п и
9 ц ѧ ч ѳ

Fonts

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Note: some characters may not display without a suitable Unicode 5.1 font. Some fonts can be downloaded from:

Comparison

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1 у л д х и н ц ч щ ы а я ѧ е є ѥ з Notes
2 у ʌ   χ ʜ ɴ       ьı ъı     ѧ ѧ є є ıє      
Menaion Unicode 21 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 21 21 2 2 1 21 2 21 21 1 21 21 -Latin, bad bold
Lazov 21 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 21 21 2 2   21 2 21 21 1 21 21 +Latin
BukyVede 21 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 21 21 2 2 1 21 2 21 21 1 21 21 +Latin
Kliment Std 21 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 21 21 2 2 1 21 1 21 21 1 21 21 +Latin
Dilyana 21 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 ъı 2 2 2 21 21 2 -Latin
Menaion Medieval 21 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ъı 2   21 2 21 2 -Latin, bad bold
Ostromirov UCS оу 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ъı 2   2 21 21 2 blackboard? capital
Fedorovsk Unicode 21 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 21 2 2 1 21 2 21 21 1 21
Ponomar Unicode 21 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 21 2 2 1 21 2 21 21 1 21 -Latin
RomanCyrillic Std 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 21 1 2 1 21 1 21 21 1 21 21

Examples

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ц (ɥ  ):

ы:

зꙁ (long/short  ):

зꙁ ( ):

зꙁ ( ):

ѕꙃ (   ):

ѕ "6":

Djerv (glag. ⰼ):[2][3][4]

  • cu:ангел-: -Supr[г] -Sav[г] -En[г] -Und[г] -Hil[г] (glag: ±Mar[g] +Zogr +Ass +Евх +Cloz +Боян +Kiev +Ryl -Sin[g])[5]
    • Ретъко, editor (1025±50?), “г҄еѡна”, in Codex Suprasliensis[14] (in Old Church Slavonic), page (leaf) 240, line 18
  • cu:еванг-: -Supr[г] -Sav[г] -En[г] -Und[г] (glag: +Mar +Zogr +Ass +Евх +Cloz +Служ ?Боян ?Охр)[6]

Further reading

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References

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  1. ^ S. M. Kulʹbakin (1900) “Для носовыхъ звуковъ”, in Хиландарскіе листки, отрывокъ кирилловской письменности XI-го вѣка (in Old Church Slavonic), Saint Petersburg: Q24931201, page 16
  2. ^ Cleminson, R. M. (2006.01.26) Proposal for additional cyrillic characters, page 3
  3. ^ Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “Кириллическое и глаголическое письмо”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 56
  4. ^ Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “Нормализация написания заглавного слова основной словарной статьи (фонетическая и морфологическая)”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 41
  5. ^ Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “анеглъ”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 70
  6. ^ Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “евангелиискъ”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 206
  • Lunt, Horace G. Old Church Slavonic Grammar, Seventh Edition, 2001.
  • Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, eds. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. →ISBN.