я U+044F, я
CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA
ю
[U+044E]
Cyrillic ѐ
[U+0450]

Translingual

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Letter

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я (upper case Я)

  1. A letter of the Cyrillic script, called ya or ja.
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Abaza

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The seventy-first letter of the Abaza alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Adyghe

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The sixty-fourth letter of the Adyghe alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Aghul

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The fifty-third letter of the Aghul alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Alutor

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Letter

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я (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-ninth letter of the Alutor alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Avar

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-sixth letter of the Avar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Bashkir

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-second letter of the Bashkir alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Belarusian

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Belarusian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Etymology 2

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From Old East Slavic ꙗзъ (jazŭ), from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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я (ja)

  1. I (first-person singular subject pronoun)
Declension
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Declension of Belarusian personal pronouns
singular plural reflexive
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m n f
nominative я (ja) ты (ty) ён (jon) яно́ (janó) яна́ (janá) мы (my) вы (vy) яны́ (janý)
genitive мяне́ (mjanjé) цябе́ (cjabjé) яго́ (jahó) яе́ (jajé) нас (nas) вас (vas) іх (ix) сябе́ (sjabjé)
dative мне (mnje) табе́ (tabjé) яму́ (jamú) ёй (joj) нам (nam) вам (vam) ім (im) сабе́ (sabjé)
accusative мяне́ (mjanjé) цябе́ (cjabjé) яго́ (jahó) яе́ (jajé) нас (nas) вас (vas) іх (ix) сябе́ (sjabjé)
instrumental мной, мно́ю (mnoj, mnóju) табо́й, табо́ю (tabój, tabóju) ім (im) ёй, ёю (joj, jóju) на́мі (námi) ва́мі (vámi) і́мі (ími) сабо́й, сабо́ю (sabój, sabóju)
locative мне (mnje) табе́ (tabjé) ім (im) ёй (joj) нас (nas) вас (vas) іх (ix) сабе́ (sabjé)

Bulgarian

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ja̟]
  • Audio:(file)

Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirtieth letter of the Bulgarian alphabet, called я (ja), and written in the Cyrillic script.

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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Slavic *jeję̇.

Pronunciation

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  • (stressed) IPA(key): [ja̟]
  • Audio (stressed):(file)
  • (unstressed) IPA(key): [jə]

Pronoun

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я (jaf

  1. short form of the third-person singular feminine pronoun in the accusative case, used as the direct object of a verb, translated as her when the noun is animate, and as it when the noun is inanimate
    Познаваш ли я?
    Poznavaš li ja?
    Do you know her?
    Беше я срам от поведението ѝ.
    Beše ja sram ot povedenieto ì.
    She was ashamed of her behaviour.
    Стефан смачка бележката на топка и я хвърли в огъня.
    Stefan smačka beležkata na topka i ja hvǎrli v ogǎnja.
    Stefan crumpled the note up into a ball and threw it on the fire.
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Bulgarian personal pronouns
nominative
(subject)
accusative
(direct complement)
dative
(indirect complement)
prepositional
full short full short
singular first person аз (az) мен (men)
ме́не (méne)
ме (me) ме́не (méne) ми (mi) мен (men)
ме́не (méne)
second
person
informal ти (ti) теб (teb)
те́бе (tébe)
те (te) те́бе (tébe) ти (ti) теб (teb)
те́бе (tébe)
formal Ви́е (Víe) Вас (Vas) Ви (Vi) Вам (Vam) Ви (Vi) Вас (Vas)
third
person
masculine той (toj) не́го (négo) го (go) не́му (nému) му (mu) не́го (négo)
feminine тя (tja) не́я (néja) я (ja) ней (nej) ѝ (ì) не́я (néja)
neuter то (to) не́го (négo) го (go) не́му (nému) му (mu) не́го (négo)
plural first person ни́е (níe)
ний (nij)
нас (nas) ни (ni) нам (nam) ни (ni) нас (nas)
second
person
informal ви́е (víe)
вий (vij)
вас (vas) ви (vi) вам (vam) ви (vi) вас (vas)
formal Ви́е (Víe) Вас (Vas) Ви (Vi) Вам (Vam) Ви (Vi) Вас (Vas)
third person те (te) тях (tjah) ги (gi) тям (tjam) им (im) тях (tjah)

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish یا (ya), from Classical Persian یا ().

Particle

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я (ja)

  1. (colloquial) Used in imperative sentence for emphasis.
    Я да видя!
    Ja da vidja!
    Let me see!
    Я ти да се махаш от тук!
    Ja ti da se mahaš ot tuk!
    Out of the way, you!
  2. (colloquial) Used to emphasize that what has just been said is true.
    A: Няма повече мляко в хладилника.
    B: Няма, я!
    A: Njama poveče mljako v hladilnika.
    B: Njama, ja!
    A: There isn't any milk left in the fridge.
    B: You're damn right there isn't!

Conjunction

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я (ja)

  1. (colloquial) used to introduce two alternative options; either, or
    Я има вода, я няма.
    Ja ima voda, ja njama.
    Either there is water or there isn't.
    Я се върне, я не.
    Ja se vǎrne, ja ne.
    He'll either come back or he won't.

Interjection

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я (ja)

  1. used to express surprise, wonder or amazement; oh
    Я, не знаех, че си бил тук.
    Ja, ne znaeh, če si bil tuk.
    Oh, I didn't know you were here.
    Я, колко хубави цветя!
    Ja, kolko hubavi cvetja!
    Oh, how beautiful these flowers are!

References

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  • Thomas Stolz, Nataliya Levkovych (2022) “On loan conjunctions: A comparative study with special focus on the languages of the former Soviet Union”, in Nataliya Levkovych, editor, Susceptibility vs. Resistance. Case Studies on Different Structural Categories in Language-Contact Situations (Koloniale und Postkoloniale Linguistik / Colonial and Postcolonial Linguistics (KPL/CPL); 19), De Gruyter, →DOI, page 270

Etymology 4

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Variant reflex of аз (az), see it.

Pronoun

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я (ja)

  1. (regional, dialect) I.
    Synonym: аз (az)
    Питам го я: — Ти ли си бре, момче, телеграфният? А он: — Я.
    Pitam go ja: — Ti li si bre, momče, telegrafnijat? A on: — Ja.
    I ask him: "Are you the telegrapher, boy?", and he says: "I am."

Buryat

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Buryat alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Carpathian Rusyn

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Etymology 1

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Letter

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я (ja)

  1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Rusyn Cyrillic alphabet. It is preceded by Ю.

Etymology 2

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From Old East Slavic ꙗзъ (jazŭ), from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

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я (ja)

  1. I (first-person singular subject pronoun)
    Я руси́н, быв, єсьм, і бу́ду.
    Ja rusýn, bŷv, jesʹm, i búdu.
    I was Rusyn, I am Rusyn and I will be Rusyn.
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Chechen

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-seventh letter of the Chechen alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Chukchi

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Letter

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я (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Chukchi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Chuvash

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-seventh letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Crimean Tatar

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Letter

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я (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-seventh letter of the Crimean Tatar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Dargwa

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Letter

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я (ə) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-sixth letter of the Dargwa alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Dungan

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Letter

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я (i͡a) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-eighth letter of the Dungan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Eastern Mari

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

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я (ja)

  1. or
    август мучаш, я сентябрь тӱҥалтыш
    avgust mučaš, ja sentabr tüŋaltyš
    the end of August or the beginning of September
  2. (я... я) either... or
    я толат, я от тол
    ja tolat, ja ot tol
    either you come or you don't
  3. (я... я) now... now, sometimes... sometimes, first... then
    я йӱр йӱреш, я лум лумеш
    ja jür jüreš, ja lum lumeš
    sometimes it rains, sometimes it snows

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Interjection

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я (ja)

  1. well, well then, come on, so (asking someone to do something)
    я, каласкале!
    ja, kalaskaĺe!
    well, say it!

Etymology 3

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Eastern Mari alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

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References

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  • J. Bradley et al. (2023) “я”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Even

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Even alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Evenki

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Evenki alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Ingush

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-fourth letter of the Ingush alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Itelmen

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Letter

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я (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-eighth letter of the Itelmen alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Kabardian

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The fifty-seventh letter of the Kabardian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Kalmyk

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-ninth letter of the Kalmyk alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Kazakh

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Alternative scripts
Arabic يا
Cyrillic я
Latin ia
Yañalif ə

Pronunciation

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Letter

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я (ä) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-second letter of the Kazakh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Khakas

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-ninth letter of the Khakas alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Kumyk

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-ninth letter of the Kumyk alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Kyrgyz

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Kyrgyz alphabet, called я (ya), and written in the Cyrillic script.

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Lezgi

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Letter

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я (ä) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-fifth letter of the Lezgi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Mongolian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Russian я (ja).

Pronunciation

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Mongolian alphabet, called я (ja), and written in the Cyrillic script.

Noun

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я (ja)

  1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter Я / я.

Derived terms

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See also

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Nivkh

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-sixth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Northern Mansi

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Letter

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я (â) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-third letter of the Northern Mansi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

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Ossetian

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-third letter of the Ossetian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Usage notes

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Only used in Russian borrowings.

See also

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Pannonian Rusyn

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈja]
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Hyphenation: я

Etymology 1

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Pannonian Rusyn alphabet, called я (ja), and written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Old Slovak ja, from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ.

Pronoun

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я (ja)

  1. I (first-person singular subject pronoun)
Declension
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Further reading

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Romanian

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Letter

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я (ia) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Moldovan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

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Russian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-third letter of the Russian alphabet, called я (ja), and written in the Cyrillic script.

Noun

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я (jan inan (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter Я.

See also

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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Old East Slavic ꙗзъ (jazŭ), from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Doublet of эго (ego).

Pronoun

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я (ja)

  1. I (first-person singular subject pronoun)
    Я ру́сский.Ja rússkij.I am Russian.
Declension
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Declension of Russian personal pronouns
singular plural reflexive
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m n f
nominative я
(ja)
ты
(ty)
он
(on)
оно́
(onó)
она́
(oná)
мы
(my)
вы
(vy)
они́1
(oní)
genitive меня́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́2, него́2 3
(jevó, nevó)
её4, неё3 4
(jejó, nejó)
нас
(nas)
вас
(vas)
их, них3
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
dative мне
(mne)
тебе́
(tebé)
ему́, нему́3
(jemú, nemú)
ей, ней3
(jej, nej)
нам
(nam)
вам
(vam)
им, ним3
(im, nim)
себе́
(sebé)
accusative меня́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́2, него́2 3
(jevó, nevó)
её, неё3
(jejó, nejó)
нас
(nas)
вас
(vas)
их, них3
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
instrumental мной, мно́ю5
(mnoj, mnóju)
тобо́й, тобо́ю5
(tobój, tobóju)
им, ним3
(im, nim)
ей, ней3, е́ю5, не́ю3 5
(jej, nej, jéju, néju)
на́ми
(námi)
ва́ми
(vámi)
и́ми, ни́ми3
(ími, ními)
собо́й, собо́ю5
(sobój, sobóju)
prepositional 6 мне
(mne)
тебе́
(tebé)
нём3
(njom)
ней3
(nej)
нас
(nas)
вас
(vas)
них3
(nix)
себе́
(sebé)
  1. Archaic feminine form: оне́ (oné).
  2. The letter г (g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as /v/.
  3. The alternative forms starting with н- (n-) are used after a preposition.
  4. Archaic forms: ея́ (jejá), нея́ (nejá).
  5. Instrumental forms ending in (-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
  6. The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.
Pre-1918 declension of Russian personal pronouns
singular plural reflexive
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m n f m / n f
nominative я
(ja)
ты
(ty)
онъ
(on)
оно́
(onó)
она́
(oná)
мы
(my)
вы
(vy)
они́
(oní)
онѣ́
(oně́)
genitive меня́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́1, него́1 2
(jevó, nevó)
ея́3, нея́2 3
(jejá, nejá)
насъ
(nas)
васъ
(vas)
ихъ, нихъ2
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
dative мнѣ
(mně)
тебѣ́
(tebě́)
ему́, нему́2
(jemú, nemú)
ей, ней2
(jej, nej)
намъ
(nam)
вамъ
(vam)
имъ, нимъ2
(im, nim)
себѣ́
(sebě́)
accusative меня́
(menjá)
тебя́
(tebjá)
его́1, него́1 2
(jevó, nevó)
её, неё2
(jejó, nejó)
насъ
(nas)
васъ
(vas)
ихъ, нихъ2
(ix, nix)
себя́
(sebjá)
instrumental мной, мно́ю4
(mnoj, mnóju)
тобо́й, тобо́ю4
(tobój, tobóju)
имъ, нимъ2
(im, nim)
ей, ней2, е́ю4, не́ю2 4
(jej, nej, jéju, néju)
на́ми
(námi)
ва́ми
(vámi)
и́ми, ни́ми2
(ími, ními)
собо́й, собо́ю4
(sobój, sobóju)
prepositional5 мнѣ
(mně)
тебѣ́
(tebě́)
нёмъ2
(njom)
ней2
(nej)
насъ
(nas)
васъ
(vas)
нихъ2
(nix)
себѣ́
(sebě́)
  1. Letter г (g) in the genitive/accusative case ending is pronounced as /v/.
  2. The alternative forms starting with н- (n-) are used after a preposition.
  3. Archaic forms: ея́ (jejá), нея́ (nejá).
  4. Instrumental forms ending in (-ju) are either dated, poetic, or dialectal.
  5. The prepositional case is never used without a preposition.
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See also
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Southern Altai

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-seventh letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

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Tabasaran

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The forty-sixth letter of the Tabasaran alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

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Tajik

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Tajik alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

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Tatar

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-ninth letter of the Tatar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

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Tundra Nenets

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Samoyedic *jåə.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [jɐ]
  • Hyphenation: я

Noun

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я (ya)

  1. land
  2. place
  3. soil
  4. earth
Declension
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Declension of я (ya) (regular)
singular dual plural
nominative я (ya) яхӑʼ (yaxăh) яˮ (yaq)
genitive яʼ (yah) яхӑʼ (yaxăh) ёˮ (yoq)
accusative ям (yam°) яхӑʼ (yaxăh) ё (yo)
allative ян (yan°) яхӑняʼ (yaxănyah) яхӑˮ (yaxăq)
locative яхӑна (yaxăna) яхӑняна (yaxănyana) яхӑˮна (yaxăqna)
ablative яхӑд (yaxăd°) яхӑняд (yaxănyad°) яхӑт (yaxăt°)
prolative явна (yawna) яхӑнямна (yaxănyamna) ёˮмӑна (yoqmăna)

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Samoyedic *jäə.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [jɐ]
  • Hyphenation: я

Noun

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я (ya) (uncountable)

  1. flour
Declension
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Declension of я (ya) (regular)
singular dual plural
nominative я (ya)
genitive яʼ (yah)
accusative ям (yam°)
allative ян (yan°)
locative яхӑна (yaxăna)
ablative яхӑд (yaxăd°)
prolative явна (yawna)

References

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  • Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) “мука”, in Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз
  • N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “я”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN

Tuvan

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Udmurt

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-eighth letter of the Udmurt alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Ukrainian

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-third letter of the Ukrainian alphabet, called я (ja), and written in the Cyrillic script.

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Etymology 2

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From older form яз (jaz), язъ (jaz), from Old East Slavic ꙗзъ (jazŭ), from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

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я (ja)

  1. I (first-person singular subject pronoun)
  2. (psychology) ego
Declension
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Declension of Ukrainian personal pronouns
nominative genitive dative accusative instrumental locative
singular 1st person я (ja) мене́, ме́не* (mené, méne*) мені́ (mení) мене́, ме́не* (mené, méne*) мно́ю (mnóju) мені́ (mení)
2nd person ти (ty) тебе́, те́бе* (tebé, tébe*) тобі́ (tobí) тебе́, те́бе* (tebé, tébe*) тобо́ю (tobóju) тобі́ (tobí)
3rd
person
m він (vin) його́, ньо́го* (johó, nʹóho*) йому́ (jomú) його́, ньо́го* (johó, nʹóho*) ним (nym) ньо́му, нім (nʹómu, nim)
n воно́ (vonó)
f вона́ (voná) її́, не́ї* (jijí, néji*) їй (jij) її́, не́ї* (jijí, néji*) не́ю (néju) ній (nij)
plural 1st person ми (my) нас (nas) нам (nam) нас (nas) на́ми (námy) нас (nas)
2nd person ви (vy) вас (vas) вам (vam) вас (vas) ва́ми (vámy) вас (vas)
3rd person вони́ (voný) їх, них* (jix, nyx*) їм (jim) їх, них* (jix, nyx*) ни́ми (nýmy) них (nyx)
reflexive себе́, се́бе* (sebé, sébe*) собі́ (sobí) себе́, се́бе* (sebé, sébe*) собо́ю (sobóju) собі́ (sobí)

* The alternative forms with stress retraction and with an initial н- (n-) in the third person are used after a preposition.

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Uzbek

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Western Mari

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Letter

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я (ja) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The thirty-seventh letter of the Western Mari alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

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Yakut

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Letter

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я (ya) (lower case, upper case Я)

  1. The fortieth letter of the Yakut alphabet, called я (ya), and written in the Cyrillic script.

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