ꙗ

See also: Ꙗ

ꙗ U+A657, ꙗ CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED A ← Ꙗ [U+A656] Cyrillic Extended-B Ꙙ → [U+A658]

Translingual

Letter

ꙗ (upper case Ꙗ)

1. A letter of the Old Cyrillic script.

Old Church Slavonic

Pronoun

ꙗ • (ja)

1. nominative singular feminine of и (i)

Declension

Declension of и

Singular	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Nominative	и i	ѥ je	ꙗ ja
Accusative	и, нь i, nĭ	ѥ je	ѭ jǫ
Genitive	его ego	его ego	ѥѩ jeję
Locative	ѥмь jemĭ	ѥмь jemĭ	ѥи jei
Dative	емоу emu	емоу emu	ѥи jei
Instrumental	имь imĭ	имь imĭ	ѥѭ jejǫ

Dual	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Nominative	ꙗ ja	и i	и i
Accusative	ꙗ ja	и i	и i
Genitive	ѥю jeju	ѥю jeju	ѥю jeju
Locative	ѥю jeju	ѥю jeju	ѥю jeju
Dative	има ima	има ima	има ima
Instrumental	има ima	има ima	има ima

Plural	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
Nominative	и i	ꙗ ja	ѩ ję
Accusative	ѩ ję	ꙗ ja	ѩ ję
Genitive	ихъ ixŭ	ихъ ixŭ	ихъ ixŭ
Locative	ихъ ixŭ	ихъ ixŭ	ихъ ixŭ
Dative	имъ imŭ	имъ imŭ	имъ imŭ
Instrumental	ими imi	ими imi	ими imi

Old East Slavic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɑ/→/ˈja/→/ˈja/

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈjɑ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈja/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈja/

Pronoun

ꙗ (ja)

1. Alternative form of ꙗзъ (jazŭ, “I”)

Declension

Declension of Old East Slavic personal pronouns

Singular	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	ꙗзъ (jazŭ), ꙗ (ja), азъ (azŭ)	тꙑ (ty)	—
Accusative	мене (mene), мѧ (mę)	тебе (tebe), тѧ (tę)	себе (sebe), сѧ (sę)
Genitive	мене (mene)	тебе (tebe)	себе (sebe)
Locative	мънѣ (mŭně)	тобѣ (tobě)	собѣ (sobě)
Dative	мънѣ (mŭně), ми (mi)	тобѣ (tobě), ти (ti)	собѣ (sobě), си (si)
Instrumental	мъноѭ (mŭnojǫ)	тобоѭ (tobojǫ)	собоѭ (sobojǫ)
Possessive	мои (moi)	твои (tvoi)	свои (svoi)
Dual	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	вѣ (vě)	вꙑ (vy)	—
Accusative	на (na)	ва (va)	себе (sebe), сѧ (sę)
Genitive	наю (naju)	ваю (vaju)	себе (sebe)
Locative	наю (naju)	ваю (vaju)	собѣ (sobě)
Dative	нама (nama)	вама (vama)	собѣ (sobě), си (si)
Instrumental	нама (nama)	вама (vama)	собоѭ (sobojǫ)
Possessive	нашь (našĭ)	вашь (vašĭ)	свои (svoi)
Plural	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	мꙑ (my)	вꙑ (vy)	—
Accusative	насъ (nasŭ), нꙑ (ny)	васъ (vasŭ), вꙑ (vy)	себе (sebe), сѧ (sę)
Genitive	насъ (nasŭ)	васъ (vasŭ)	себе (sebe)
Locative	насъ (nasŭ)	васъ (vasŭ)	собѣ (sobě)
Dative	намъ (namŭ), нꙑ (ny)	вамъ (vamŭ), вꙑ (vy)	собѣ (sobě), си (si)
Instrumental	нами (nami)	вами (vami)	собоѭ (sobojǫ)
Possessive	нашь (našĭ)	вашь (vašĭ)	свои (svoi)

Old Novgorodian

Etymology 1

Letter

ꙗ • (ja) (lower case, upper case Ꙗ)

1. A letter of the Old Novgorodian alphabet, written in the Old Cyrillic script.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jà, *(j)ãzъ. First attested in c. 1100‒1120. Cognate with Old East Slavic ꙗ (ja), Old Ruthenian ꙗ (ja), Russian я (ja), Old Polish ja.

Alternative forms

• ꙗꙁъ (jazŭ), ꙗсъ (jasŭ), аꙁъ (azŭ)

Pronoun

ꙗ • (ja)

1. first-person pronoun; I

Declension

Declension of Old Novgorodian personal pronouns

	singular		dual		plural		reflexive
	1st person	2nd person	1st person	2nd person	1st person	2nd person
nominative	ꙗꙁъ, ꙗ jazŭ, ja	тꙑ ty	?	вꙑ vy	мꙑ my	вꙑ vy
genitive	мене mene	тебе tebe	?	?	насъ nasŭ	васъ vasŭ	себе sebe
dative	мънѣ, ми mŭně, mi	тобѣ, ти tobě, ti	нама nama	вама, ва vama, va	намъ namŭ	вамъ, вꙑ vamŭ, vy	собѣ sobě
accusative	мене, мѧ mene, mę	тебе, тѧ tebe, tę	?	?	насъ, нꙑ nasŭ, ny	васъ, вꙑ vasŭ, vy	себе, сѧ sebe, sę
instrumental	мъноѭ mŭnojǫ	тобоѭ tobojǫ	?	?	нами nami	вами vami	собоѭ sobojǫ
locative	мънѣ mŭně	тобѣ tobě	?	ваю vaju	?	васъ vasŭ	собѣ sobě
ㅤ
possessive	мои moi	твои tvoi	?	?	нашь našĭ	вашь vašĭ	свои svoi

Further reading

• “ꙗꙁъ”, in Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка [Birchbark Letters – Russian National Corpus], https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2025
• “ꙗ”, in Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка [Birchbark Letters – Russian National Corpus], https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2025
• Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎^[1] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 820