Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/duʀi

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian edit

Noun edit

*duʀi

thorn

Descendants edit

Bunun: duli
Paiwan: djui
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *duʀi
- Philippine
  - Central Luzon
    - Abenlen Ayta: diwi
    - Bolinao: diwi
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Bikol Central: dugi
    - South Mangyan
      - Hanunoo: dugi
    - Manobo
      - Binukid: dugi
      - Higaonon: dugi
      - Ata Manobo: dugi
      - Obo Manobo: duhi'
      - Dibabawon Manobo: dugi
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: duɣi
    - Subanen
      - Central Subanen: dugi
    - Palawanic
      - Palawan Batak: dugi
      - Tagbanwa: dugi
      - Central Tagbanwa: duhi
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow
      - Mongondow: dugi
      - Ponosakan: duhi
  - Kalamian
    - Calamian Tagbanwa: duli
    - Agutaynen: doli
  - Giangan: dulya
  - Sangiric: *duʀi (“bone”)
    - North
      - Sangil: duri
      - Sangir: duhi
      - Talaud: dullri
    - South
      - Bantik: duhi
  - Minahasan: *duhi (“bone”)
    - Tontemboan: du'i, ru'i
    - Tombulu: duhi
    - Tonsawang: duhi
    - Tonsea: dui
    - Tondano: rui
- Basap–Barito
  - Sama–Bajaw
    - Yakan: luhi
  - East Barito
    - Tawoyan: dui
    - Dusun Witu: rundrui
    - Ma'anyan: runrui
    - Malagasy: roy
  - West Barito
    - Ngaju: duhi
    - Bakumpai: duhi
  - Mahakam
    - Tunjung: ruhi
  - Basap: duri
- North Bornean
  - Northeast Sabahan
    - Ida'an: duwi
  - Southwest Sabahan
    - Dusunic
      - Central Dusun: rugi
      - Kuijau: rugi
      - Momogun
        Rungus: rugi
        Kimaragang: rugi
        Tobilung: rugi
        Minokok: rugi
      - Bisaya–Lotud
        Lotud: rugi
    - Paitanic
      - Tombonuo: ruwi
      - Upper Kinabatangan: dui
    - Murutic
      - Burusu: dui
  - North Sarawakan
    - Bintulu: ruey
    - Berawan–Lower Baram
      - Berawan: dukkih
      - Kiput: durey
  - Central Sarawakan
    - Melanau
      - Central Melanau: duwei
      - Kanowit: durei
    - Kajang
      - Sekapan: duey
      - Kajaman: duey
      - Lahanan: luey
    - Punan
      - Punan Tubu: dui
      - Punan Aput: dui
      - Bukitan: dui
      - Ukit: dui
      - Bukat: dui
    - Müller-Schwaner Punan
      - Hovongan: duhi
      - Kereho: duhi
      - Aoheng: duhi
- Land Dayak
  - Southern Land Dayak
    - Jangkang: dure
    - Sanggau: duri
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  - Batak
    - Karo Batak: duri
    - Toba Batak: duri
  - Simeulue: rui
  - Enggano: e-dudui
- Malayo-Sumbawan
  - Chamic
    - Acehnese: duroë
    - Coastal Chamic
      - Eastern Cham: ꨕꨣꨶꨰ (daruai)
      - Western Cham: دوروي (durui)
    - Highlands Chamic
      - Jarai: drơi
      - Rade: êruê
  - Malayic
    - Iban: duri
    - Banjarese: duri
    - Malay: duri
      - Indonesian: duri
    - Urak Lawoi': ดูรี (duri)
  - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    - Balinese: ᬤᬸᬳᬶ (dui)
    - Sasak: duri
- Old Javanese: rwi, ri
  - Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)
- South Sulawesi
  - Tae': duri
  - Buginese: duri
- Celebic
  - Saluan–Banggai
    - Balantak: ruri'
  - Muna–Buton
    - ⇒ Muna: kiri
  - Tomini–Tolitoli
    - Totoli: lui
    - Taje: rui
    - Balaesang: rui
  - Kaili–Pamona
    - Pamona: rui
  - Bungku–Tolaki: *rui
    - Mori Atas: rui
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Sumba–Flores
    - Savu
      - Sabu: rui
      - Dhao: rui
    - Sumba
      - Laboya: ri
      - Weyewa: rui
  - Flores–Lembata
    - Kedang: lurin
  - Timoric
    - Tetum: ruin
    - Rote–Meto
      - Uab Meto: nui
    - Kawaimina
      - Waima'a: rui
    - Luangic–Kisaric
      - Luang: ruri
      - Kisar: ruri
      - Roma: rurni
    - Wetar–Galoli
      - Ili'uun: rurin
      - Tugun: rurin
  - Kei–Tanimbar
    - Kei: lurin
  - Central Maluku
    - East Seram
      - Masiwang: luin
    - Nunusaku
      - Patakai–Manusela
        North Nuaulu: uni
        Manusela: huni
      - Three Rivers
        Alune: luli
      - Piru Bay
        West
        Asilulu: luli
        Larike-Wakasihu: lule
        East
        Saparua: ruri
        Hitu: luli
- Oceanic: *ruʀi, *suʀi
  - Admiralty Islands
    - Western
      - Seimat: kui
      - Wuvulu-Aua: xui
    - Eastern
      - Manus
        West
        Likum: cui
        Sori-Harengan: hui
        Nyindrou: drui
        Bipi: xuy
        Intermediate
        Loniu: uy
        East
        Nali: drui
        Koro (New Guinea): drui
        Ponam: hui
      - Southeast
        Penchal: tui
  - Western Oceanic
    - Meso-Melanesian
      - Tolai: uru
      - ⇒ Roviana: surina
    - North New Guinea
      - Numbami: luli
    - Papuan Tip
      - Motu: duri
  - Central-Eastern Oceanic
    - Southeast Solomonic
      - Bugotu–Gela
        Gela: huli
      - Malaita–Makira
        Malaita (San Cristobal)
        Kwaio: suli
        Lau: suli
        Makira
        Arosi: suri
        Bauro: suri
    - Southern Oceanic
      - North Vanuatu
        Torres–Banks
        Mota: suri
        Lakon: suri
        Espiritu Santo
        Nokuku: sui
        Tiale: sui
        Araki: sui
        Maewo–Ambae–North Pentecost
        Marino: suri
        Raga: hui
        South Pentecost
        Apma: su
    - Central Pacific
      - West Fijian–Rotuman
        Rotuman: sui
        Western Fijian: sui
      - East Fijian–Polynesian
        Fijian: sui
        Polynesian: *hui
        Tongic
        Tongan: hui
        Niuean: hui
        Niuafo'ou: hui
        Nuclear Polynesian: *iwi
        Samoic–Outlier
        Ellicean
        Tuvaluan: ivi
        Kapingamarangi: iwi
        Nukuoro: ivi
        Futunic
        Anuta: ivi
        East Futuna: ivi
        Futuna-Aniwa: iwi
        Samoic
        Samoan: ivi
        Tokelauan: ivi
        Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        North Marquesan: ivi
        Mangarevan: ivi
        Hawaiian: iwi
        Tahitic
        Tahitian: ivi
        Rarotongan: ivi
        Maori: iwi
        Rapa Nui: ivi

References edit

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *duRi.