ri
English edit
Etymology edit
From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from Mandarin Chinese 里 (lǐ).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
- (Units of measure) Synonym of li as a Korean unit of distance equivalent to about 393 m.
- (music) The solfeggio syllable used to indicate the sharp of the second note of a major scale, enharmonic to me.
Anagrams edit
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Albanian *(h)eríja- 'of this time, from this time, presently, of now > new, recent', a derivative of Alb. herë '(one) time, hour' etc., which is an old loan-word from Latin hōra 'time, hour' etc.; the Albanian substantive is historically not compatible with a reconstruction Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥wo-, zero-grade of *h₁orwo- (compare Old English earu (“quick”), Tocharian B ārwer (“ready”), Avestan aruuant- (“quick, brave”)), as it has been proposed in the literature. According to R. Matasovic (A grammatical sketch of Albanian for students of Indo-European. Zadar 2018), the etymology of the adjective is controversial and has no accepted source or from substrate.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
i ri (feminine e re, masculine plural të rinj, feminine plural të reja)
References edit
Neri, Sergio, Article ri (i), re (e) in: Bardhyl Demiraj, Olav Hackstein, Sergio Neri und Ania Omari. DPEWA, Digitales Philologisch-Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altalbanischen“ (15.-18. Jh.), München 2018-2021 (https://www.dpwa.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/dictionary/?lemmaid=14385)
Anguthimri edit
Noun edit
ri
- (Mpakwithi) excrement
References edit
- Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 188
Dalmatian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Latin reus. Compare Italian rio, Romanian rău.
Adjective edit
ri (feminine raja)
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Low German rigen (“to put in folds”), from or related to Old Saxon rekkian (“to extend”). Distantly related to Old Norse rekja (“to unfold, unwind”), hence a doublet of række (“to reach”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ri (imperative ri, present rir or rier, past riede, past participle riet)
Derived terms edit
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ri (accusative rin, possessive ria)
- (gender-neutral, nonstandard) they (singular). A gender-neutral singular third-person personal pronoun.
- 2006, “Maldormemo mia”, in Eksenlime, performed by La Perdita Generacio:
- Najbaro laboranta en la sama laborejo / En la bela domo ri ne pentras plu
- A neighbor working in the same workplace / In the beautiful house they don't paint anymore
Usage notes edit
In 1976, the gender-neutral pronoun ri was presented for the first time alongside the pronouns li (he) and ŝi (she). Until about 2010, it remained a seldom used experimental word, but after 2010 its use has increased significantly, especially in youth circles in Western countries. Comparable to English epicene pronouns. Also read about gender reform in Esperanto. Alternatives include expanding the use of the demonstrative pronoun tiu (“that one”) or using the similarly proscribed ŝli.
Synonyms edit
- (neologism, proscribed) ŝli
Holonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- riismo (“ri-ism”)
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Participle edit
ri (feminine rie, masculine plural ris, feminine plural ries)
- past participle of rire
Galician edit
Verb edit
ri
- inflection of rir:
- (reintegrationist norm) inflection of rir:
Guinea-Bissau Creole edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese rir. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ri.
Verb edit
ri
- to laugh
Hausa edit
Pronunciation edit
Ideophone edit
r̃ī̀
Igbo edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ri
Italian edit
Adjective edit
ri m
Anagrams edit
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
ri
Javanese edit
Romanization edit
ri
- Romanization of ꦫꦶ
Kabuverdianu edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese rir.
Verb edit
ri
- to laugh
Lashi edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
ri
- Turns the preceding word into an accusative.
References edit
- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[2], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
Makasar edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ri (Lontara spelling ᨑᨗ)
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
ri
- Nonstandard spelling of rī.
- Nonstandard spelling of rì.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Nabi edit
Noun edit
ri
References edit
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ri (definite singular, indefinite plural, definite plural)
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
ri (imperative ri, present tense rir, simple past red or rei, past participle ridd, present participle riende)
- to ride (an animal, e.g. a horse)
References edit
- “ri” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
ri f (definite singular ria, indefinite plural rier, definite plural riene)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse ríða, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną.
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
ri (present tense rir, past tense rei, past participle ridd or ridt or ride, present participle ridande, imperative ri)
- to ride (an animal)
Related terms edit
References edit
- “ri” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams edit
Old Javanese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi
Noun edit
ri
Alternative forms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di. Compare Makasar ri (ᨑᨗ).
Particle edit
ri
- prepositional particle
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -i
Verb edit
ri
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Irish fri (“towards, against”), from Old Irish fri. Cognates include Irish fré and Manx rish.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
ri (+ dative, no mutation, before the definite article ris)
- to, against, with
- ris a' ghaoith ― against the wind
- up
- chaidh iad ris an leathad ― they went up the hillside
- as (with cho)
- Used with a noun or verbal noun to express up to or involved in
- Bha a' chlann sin ri mì-mhodh. ― Those children were up to no good.
- Bha i an urra ris an losgadh anns a' Chròthais beagan bhliadhnachan an dèidh cogadh Iugoslabhach. ― She was responsible for the shooting in Croatia a few years after the Yugoslav War.
Usage notes edit
- In the Lewis dialect, ri is used instead of ag or a' before a verbal noun to form present participles:
- tha mi ri seinn ― I am singing (As opposed to tha mi a' seinn, which has the same meaning.)
- Followed by a prepositional pronoun takes a passive voice meaning:
- Tha na h-eòin tarraingeach rin amharc. ― The birds are attractive to watch. (literally, “The birds are attractive to their watching.”)
Inflection edit
Personal inflection of ri | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Simple | Emphatic | ||||||
Singular | 1st | rium | riumsa | ||||||
2nd | riut | riutsa | |||||||
3rd m | ris | ris-san | |||||||
3rd f | rithe | rithese | |||||||
Plural | 1st | rinn | rinne | ||||||
2nd | ribh | ribhse | |||||||
3rd | riutha | riuthasan |
Derived terms edit
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
ri
- Romanization of 𒊑 (ri)
Tunica edit
Noun edit
ri
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, rứa, ru, sao.
Adverb edit
See also edit
Vietnamese demonstratives | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar | |||||||||||||||||||
Unspecified | Close to the speaker or newly introduced |
Remote, already identified | |||||||||||||||||
PLACE đ- (first register) |
đâu ‘wherever’ |
đây ‘here’ |
đấy ‘there’ | ||||||||||||||||
REFERENCE n- (second register) |
nào ‘whichever’ |
này ‘this’ |
nọ ‘that’ | ||||||||||||||||
PROPORTION b- (first register) |
bao ‘to whatever extent’ |
bây ‘to this extent’ |
bấy ‘to that extent’ | ||||||||||||||||
MANNER s- (first register) v- (second register) |
sao ‘however’ |
vầy ‘this way’ |
vậy ‘that way’ | ||||||||||||||||
Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited” | |||||||||||||||||||
D• (Indefinite) |
D1 (Proximal) |
D2 (Medial) |
D3 (Distal) | ||||||||||||||||
+NOM(inal) | đâu place-what |
đây place-this |
đấy place-that1 |
||||||||||||||||
±NOM(inal) | đó (place-)that1 |
kia (place-)that2 | |||||||||||||||||
–NOM(inal) | nào what |
nầy this |
nấy/ấy that1 |
nọ that2 |
Proximal (*-iː) |
Distal 1 (*-iːʔ) |
Distal 2 (*-əːʔ) |
Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ) |
Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place, attributive1 n- |
ni nì này |
nấy | nớ | nọ | nào |
Place, nominal2 đ- |
đây | đí đấy |
— | đó | đâu |
Manner r- |
ri rày |
— | rứa | — | ru sao3 |
Extent 14 b- |
bây | bấy | — | — | bao |
Extent 25 v- |
vầy | vậy | — | — | — |
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). 2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). 3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”). |
Welsh edit
Noun edit
ri
- Soft mutation of rhi.
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
rhi | ri | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
rí
- The name of the Latin-script letter R.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí
Etymology 2 edit
Proposed to derive from Proto-Yoruboid *lí, cognate with Igala lí
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rí
- (transitive) to see
- (intransitive) to look like
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
rì
- (intransitive) to sink, to drown
- (transitive) to sink
Verb edit
ri
- Alternative form of rì (“to sink”) used before object nouns
Zazaki edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ri