thorn

See also: Thorn and þorn

Contents

EnglishEdit

thorns of a plant (sense 1)

upper- and lower-case versions of the thorn character (sense 4)

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English thorn, þorn, from Old English þorn, þyrn (“thorn”), from Proto-Germanic *þurnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter- (“stiff”). Near cognates include West Frisian toarn, Low German Doorn, Dutch doorn, German Dorn, Danish and Norwegian torn, Swedish torn, törne, and Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). Further cognates include Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Russian тёрн (tjorn), Polish cierń, Albanian drizë (“a thorny shrub”) and Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”).

PronunciationEdit

• (UK) IPA^(key): /θɔːn/
• (US) IPA^(key): /θɔɹn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)n

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

NounEdit

thorn (plural thorns)

1. (botany) A sharp protective spine of a plant.
2. Any shrub or small tree that bears thorns, especially a hawthorn.

   the white thorn

   the cockspur thorn

3. (figuratively) That which pricks or annoys; anything troublesome.
   • Bible, 2 Corinthians xii. 7

     There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me.

   • South

     The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares, / Be only mine.

4. A letter of the Latin alphabet (capital: Þ, small: þ), borrowed by Old English from the futhark to represent a dental fricative, then not distinguished from eth, but in modern use (in Icelandic and other languages, but no longer in English) used only for the voiceless dental fricative found in English thigh
   • See also Etymology of ye (definite article).

Derived termsEdit

• thorn apple
• thorn broom
• thornbush
• thorn devil
• thorn hopper

• thorn in one's side
• Thornton
• thornen
• thorny

TranslationsEdit

sharp protective spine of a plant

• Afrikaans: doring
• Arabic: أَسَلَة‎‎ f (ʾasala)
• Armenian: փուշ (hy) (pʿuš)
• Aromanian: schin
• Assamese: কাঁইট (kãit), কঁটা (kõta)
• Azerbaijani: tikan (az)
• Basque: arantza, elorri
• Bulgarian: трън (bg) m (trăn), бодил (bg) m (bodil)
• Burmese: ဆူး (my) (hcu:)
• Catalan: aculi (ca), espina (ca), eculi, agulló (ca), fibló
• Central Melanau: duwei
• Chamicuro: kajpayi
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 刺 (zh) (cì), 荊棘 (zh), 荆棘 (zh) (jīngjí)

• Cornish: dren m
• Crimean Tatar: ^{(please verify)} tiken (northern dialect tegenek)
• Czech: trn (cs) m, osten
• Dalmatian: spaina f
• Danish: torn (da) c
• Dutch: doorn (nl) m
• Esperanto: dorno
• Estonian: astel
• Faroese: tornur m, torn f
• Finnish: piikki (fi), oka (fi), ora (fi), ota (fi), oas (fi)
• French: épine (fr) f
• Friulian: spine f, spin
• Georgian: ეკალი (eḳali)
• German: Dorn (de) m
• Greek: αγκάθι (el) n (agkáthi)

  Ancient Greek: ἄκανθα f (ákantha)

• Hebrew: שית‎‎ (he) m (shayit)
• Hindi: काँटा (hi) m (kāṅṭā)
• Hungarian: tüske (hu), tövis (hu)
• Indonesian: duri (id)
• Irish: dealg f
• Italian: spina (it) f, aculeo (it)
• Japanese: 刺 (ja) (とげ, toge), 棘 (ja) (とげ, toge), 茨 (ja) (とげ, toge), 荊 (ja) (とげ, toge)
• Korean: 가시 (ko) (gasi)
• Lao: ໜາມ (nām)

• Latgalian: ierškiezs m
• Latin: spīna f
• Latvian: ērkšķis m, dzelonis (lv) m
• Lithuanian: rakis
• Low German: Doorn m
• Luhya: kumwiva
• Macedonian: трн m (trn)
• Malay: duri
• Maori: ngita
• Mon: ဓလ (həlɛ̀ˀ)
• Ngazidja Comorian: shiɓa class 7/8 (shiba)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: torn (no) m

  Nynorsk: torn m

• Occitan: espina (oc) f
• Pashto: اغزی‎‎ (ps) m (aγzai)
• Persian: خار‎‎ (fa) (xâr)
• Polish: kolec (pl) m, cierń (pl) m
• Portuguese: espinho (pt), acúleo (pt)
• Quechua: t'uksi, kichka (qu), kaşa
• Romanian: spin (ro), ghimpe (ro)
• Romansch: spina f, spegna f
• Russian: шип (ru) m (šip), колю́чка (ru) f (koljúčka)
• Sardinian: ispina f, spina f
• Scottish Gaelic: stob m, droigheann m, dealg f
• Serbo-Croatian: trn (sh) m
• Slovak: tŕň m
• Spanish: espina (es) f
• Sundanese: rucuk
• Swahili: mwiba (sw) class 3/4
• Swedish: törne (sv) c
• Telugu: ముల్లు (te) (mullu), కంటకము (te) (kaṇṭakamu)
• Thai: หนาม (th) (nǎam)
• Turkish: diken (tr)
• Urdu: کانٹا‎‎ m (kāṅṭā)
• Vietnamese: gai (vi)
• Welsh: draenen f
• West Frisian: toarn c
• ǃXóõ: gǃqhàẽ

any shrub or small tree that bears thorns

• Finnish: piikkipensas

figuratively: that which pricks

• Finnish: piikki (fi)

letter of the Latin alphabet (Þ, þ)

• Belarusian: торн m (torn)
• Bulgarian: торн m (torn)
• Faroese: torn n
• Finnish: thorn (fi)
• French: thorn (fr) m
• Icelandic: þorn n
• Korean: 손 (ko) (son)

• Macedonian: торн m (torn)
• Norwegian: thorn m
• Russian: торн (ru) (torn)
• Spanish: thorn (es) m
• Swahili: ba
• Ukrainian: торн m (torn)
• ǃXóõ: gǃhàã

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Afrikaans: ^{(please verify)} doring
• Albanian: ^{(please verify)} gjemb (sq) m
• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} doorn (nl) m
• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} dorno
• German: ^{(please verify)} Dorn (de) m
• Icelandic: ^{(please verify)} þorn

• Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} duri (id)
• Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} دڕک‎‎
• Romanian: ^{(please verify)} spin (ro) m, ^{(please verify)} ghimpe (ro) m
• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} trn (sh) m
• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} trn (sh) m

VerbEdit

thorn (third-person singular simple present thorns, present participle thorning, simple past and past participle thorned)

1. To pierce with, or as if with, a thorn
   • 1869, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Old Town Folks‎^[1]:

     […] human nature is, above all things, lazy, and needs to be thorned and goaded up those heights where it ought to fly.

   • 2003, Scott D. Zachary, Scorn This, page 175:

     Even Judge Bradley's callused sentiments were thorned by the narration of Jaclyn's journals.

TranslationsEdit

to pierce with, or as if with, a thorn

• Portuguese: espinhar (pt)

See alsoEdit

• eth, edh, eð, ð
• wynn, wen, ƿ
• ᚦ

Further readingEdit

• thorn on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Thorns, spines, and prickles on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Thorn (letter) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

AnagramsEdit

• North, Rt Hon, north

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Old SaxonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *þurnuz (“thorn, sloe”), from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós, from *(s)ter-. Germanic cognates include Old English þorn (English thorn), Dutch doorn, Old High German thorn (German Dorn), Old Norse þorn (Swedish törne), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ) (Russian тёрн (tjorn, “sloe, blackthorn”)), Sanskrit तृण (tṛṇa, “grass”).

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /θorn/

NounEdit

thorn m

1. thorn; thorny bush

DeclensionEdit

Declension of thorn (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	thorn	thornos
accusative	thorn	thornos
genitive	thornes	thornō
dative	thorne	thornum
instrumental	—	—

DescendantsEdit

• Middle Low German: dōrn
  • Low German: Doorn, Dorn