Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jērą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥. This word eventually came to mean year in the sense of a unit of time in the daughter languages, but originally referred to a harvest, generally with a positive connotation. For the unit of time, see *wintruz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɛː.rɑ̃/

Noun

*jērą n

1. (good) harvest
2. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛃ (j)

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *jērą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*jērą	*jērō
vocative	*jērą	*jērō
accusative	*jērą	*jērō
genitive	*jēras, *jēris	*jērǫ̂
dative	*jērai	*jēramaz
instrumental	*jērō	*jēramiz

Synonyms

• *aþna-

Derived terms

• *jēriją
  • Old Norse: *æri
    • ⇒ Old Norse: einæri
    • ⇒ Old Norse: hallæri
      • ⇒ Icelandic: hallæri

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *jār
  • Old English: ġēar, ġǣr, ġēr — Anglian
    • Middle English: yeer, here, yere, ȝere
      • English: year
        • Jamaican Creole: ier
        • Tok Pisin: yia
        • → Chuukese: ier
        • → Japanese: イヤー (iyā)
        • → Volapük: yel
      • Scots: year
  • Old Frisian: jēr, jār, iēr
    • North Frisian: juar, iir (Mooring), Jaar (Sylt)
    • Saterland Frisian: Jíer
    • West Frisian: jier
  • Old Saxon: jār, gēr
    • Middle Low German: jâr, jaer
      • German Low German: Jåhr, Jahr, Johr
      • Plautdietsch: Joa
  • Old Dutch: jār
    • Middle Dutch: jâer
      • Dutch: jaar
        • Afrikaans: jaar
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: jari
        • Jersey Dutch: jâr
        • Negerhollands: jaer, jaar, yer
        • → Aukan: yali
        • → Sranan Tongo: yari
          • → Caribbean Javanese: yari
          • → Saramaccan: jáa
      • Limburgish: jaor
      • West Flemish: joar
      • Zealandic: jaer, jaor
  • Old High German: jār
    • Middle High German: jār
      • Alemannic German: Jòòr, Jààr
      • Bavarian: Jåhr, Joar, Joa

        Cimbrian: jaar, djar (Luserna)

        Mòcheno: jor

      • Central Franconian: Johr

        Hunsrik: Joher

        Luxembourgish: Joer

      • German: Jahr
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Pennsylvania German: Johr, Yaahr

      • Swabian: Joar, Johr

        Sathmar Swabian: Johr

      • Vilamovian: jür
      • Yiddish: יאָר (yor)
• Proto-Norse: *ᛃᚨᚱᚨ (*jara), ᛃ (j) — abbreviation
  • Old Norse: ár n
    • Icelandic: ár
    • Faroese: ár
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: år
      • Russenorsk: aart
    • Norwegian Bokmål: år
    • Elfdalian: år
    • Old Swedish: ār
      • Swedish: år
    • Old Danish: aar
      • Danish: år
• Gothic: 𐌾𐌴𐍂 (jēr)