Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/winnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wen-. But see Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwin.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*winnaną^[1]^[2]

to labour, toil
to win, gain
to fight, strive

Inflection

Conjugation of *winnaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*winnō	*winnaų	—	*winnai	?
2nd singular	*winnizi	*winnaiz	*winn	*winnazai	*winnaizau
3rd singular	*winnidi	*winnai	*winnadau	*winnadai	*winnaidau
1st dual	*winnōz	*winnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*winnadiz	*winnaidiz	*winnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*winnamaz	*winnaim	—	*winnandai	*winnaindau
2nd plural	*winnid	*winnaid	*winnid	*winnandai	*winnaindau
3rd plural	*winnandi	*winnain	*winnandau	*winnandai	*winnaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wann	*wunnį̄
2nd singular	*wannt	*wunnīz
3rd singular	*wann	*wunnī
1st dual	*wunnū	*wunnīw
2nd dual	*wunnudiz	*wunnīdiz
1st plural	*wunnum	*wunnīm
2nd plural	*wunnud	*wunnīd
3rd plural	*wunnun	*wunnīn

	present	past
participles	*winnandz	*wunnanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *winnan
- Old English: winnan
  - Middle English: winnen
    - English: win
    - Scots: win
- Old Frisian: winna
  - Saterland Frisian: winne
  - West Frisian: winne
- Old Saxon: winnan
  - Middle Low German: winnen
    - Low German: winnen
- Old Dutch: winnan
  - Middle Dutch: winnen
    - Dutch: winnen
      - Afrikaans: wen, win
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: won
      - Negerhollands: win, wind
      - → Sranan Tongo: wini
        → Caribbean Javanese: wini
        → Kari'na: winimary
    - Limburgish: winne
- Old High German: winnan
  - Middle High German: winnen
Old Norse: vinna
- Icelandic: vinna
- Faroese: vinna
- Norwegian: vinne
- Old Swedish: vinna
  - Swedish: vinna; vinne (dialectal)
- Old Danish: winnæ
  - Danish: vinde
Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (winnan)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*winnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 587
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*wennanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 455

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*winnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 587

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*wennanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 455

[1]

[2]