Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d/s-kəw

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

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Etymology

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  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *d-kəw (Chou, 1972); *dkʷjəɣʷ (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d/s-kəw (Matisoff, 2003, STEDT; Mortensen, 2012); *s-kwa (Matisoff, 2003); *d-kuw (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; Matisoff, 1983; LaPolla, 1987; Weidert, 1987)

Numeral

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*s-kəw

  1. nine

Descendants

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  • Old Chinese: (jiǔ) /*kuʔ/ (B-S; ZS)
    • Middle Chinese: (kɨuX)
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5=gu
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**:

Japanese:  (きゅう/く, ​kyū/ku)
Korean:  (, gu)
Vietnamese: cửu ()

      • Mandarin:
        Standard: (jiǔ) /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
        Sichuanese: (jiu3) /t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
        Dungan: җю (ži͡u) /t͡ɕiou⁵¹/
      • Cantonese:
        Guangzhou: (gau2) /kɐu̯³⁵/
        Taishanese: (giu2) /kiu⁵⁵/
      • Hakka:
        Sixian: (kiú) /ki̯u³¹/
        Meixian: (giu3) /kiu³¹/
      • Wu:
        Shanghainese: (jieu) /t͡ɕiɜ³⁴/
      • Min:
        • Northern Min:
          Jian'ou: (giǔ) /kiu²¹/
        • Eastern Min:
          Fuzhounese: (gāu (vernacular), giū (literary)) /kau³³/, /kieu³³/
        • Min Nan:
          Hokkien: (káu (vernacular), kiú (literary))
          Xiamen: /kaʊ⁵³/, /kiu⁵³/
          Kaohsiung: /kaʊ⁴¹/, /kiu⁴¹/
          Quanzhou: /kaʊ⁵⁵⁴/, /kiu⁵⁵⁴/
          Taipei: /kaʊ⁵³/, /kiu⁵³/
          Zhangzhou: /kaʊ⁵³/, /kiu⁵³/
          Teochew: (gao2 (vernacular), giu2 (literary)) /kau⁵²/, /kiu⁵²/
      • Proto-Tai: *kɤwꟲ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman:
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Lolo-Burmese:
    • Qiangic:
      • Tangut: 𗢭 (*gjɨ̱¹)
    • Sal:
    • Bodo-Garo
      • Garo: sku (nine)
      • Kokborok: chuku (nine)
      • Atong (India): chykhyw (nine)
  • Proto-Karen: *khwiᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)