Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d-k-ruk

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dljəkʷ (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d-k-ruk (Matisoff, 2003, STEDT); *d-kruk (Matisoff, 2003); *d-ruk (Chou, 1972; Benedict, 1972); *d-ruk ⪤ d-k-rok (LaPolla, 1987)

Numeral

*d-k-ruk

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals
ONE	ʔit kat *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik
TWO	*g/s-ni-s
THREE	*g-sum
FOUR	*b-ləj
FIVE	*l/b-ŋa
SIX	*d-k-ruk
SEVEN	*s-ni-s
EIGHT	*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
NINE	*d/s-kəw
TEN	gip ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj
TWENTY	*m-kul
HUNDRED	*b-r-gja
THOUSAND	*s-tawŋ

six

Descendants

Old Chinese: 六 /*k.ruk/ (B-S), /*rug/ (ZS) (“six”)
(in the oracle bone script)

→ Proto-Tai: *krokᴰ (“six”) (whence Thai หก (hòk), Lao ຫົກ (hok))
- Middle Chinese: 六 (ljuwk) /lɨuk/

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**:

→ Japanese: 六 (ろく, roku)
Korean: 육 (六, yuk)
Vietnamese: lục (六)

- - Mandarin:
    - Beijing: 六 (liù) /li̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
    - Sichuanese:
      - Chengdu: 六 /nu²¹/
  - Cantonese:
    - Guangzhou-Hong Kong: 六 (luk⁶) /lʊk̚²/
  - Hakka:
    - Sixian: 六 (liuk) /li̯uk̚²/
    - Meixian: 六 (liug⁵) /liʊk̚¹/
  - Wu:
    - Shanghainese: 六 /lʊʔ¹²/
- Min:
  - Coastal Min:
    - Eastern Min:
      - Fuzhou: 六 /l̃øyʔ⁵/
    - Min Nan:
      - Hokkien:
        Quanzhou: 六 /lak̚²⁴/ (colloquial), /liɔk̚²⁴/ (literary)
        
        Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Taipei: 六 /lak̚⁴/ (colloquial), /liɔk̚⁴/ (literary)
        
        Zhangzhou: 六 /lak̚¹²¹/ (colloquial), /liɔk̚¹²¹/ (literary)
      - Teochew: 六 (lag⁸) /lak̚⁴/
  - Inland Min:
    - Northern Min:
      - Jian'ou: 六 /ly⁴²/
Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
  - Bodic
    - Tibetan
      - Written Tibetan: དྲུག (drug, “six”)
      - Dzongkha: དྲུག (drug)
      - Sikkimese: ཏུཀ (tuk)
    - Eastern Bodish:
      - Kurtöp: དྲོ (dro)
Tangut-Qiang
- Northern Tangut
  - Tangut: 𗤁 (*tśhjiw¹, “six”)
- rGyalrongic
  - Situ: (kə)tɽoʔk
Jingpho-Asakian
- Jingpho
  - Jingpho [Kachin]: kru (“six”)
Sal
- Bodo-Garo
  - Garo: dok (“six”)
  - Kokborok: dok (“six”)
  - Atong (India): dok (“six”)/korok (“six”)
Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Lolo-Burmese
  - Burmish
    - Burmese: ခြောက် (hkrauk, “six”)
  - Loloish
    - Northern Loloish
      - Yi (Liangshan): ꃘ (fut, “six”)
Proto-Karen: *khrowᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: ဃု (xu)
- Western Pwo: ဎူၫ
→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *kruk