Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čelověkъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*čьlověkъ (unaccented *е reduced to *ь)
*člověkъ (unaccented *ь dropped)

Etymology

From Early Proto-Slavic *čeláwaj˙ku,^[1] from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kelawaikas, originally a compound meaning "child of a clan". The first part is from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“crowd, people”), from *kʷel- (“to turn, roll > to travel, settle, cultivate; town”). Cognates include Sanskrit कुल (kula), Ancient Greek τέλος (télos), and Old English scolu. The latter part is akin to Lithuanian vaĩkas (“child”), Latvian vaiks (“boy”) and Old Prussian waiх (“manservant”) (i.e. waiks, with x due to German orthography), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyk-.

Noun

*čelověkъ m^[2]^[3]

man, human

Declension

Declension of *čelověkъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*čelověkъ	*čelověka	*čelověci
genitive	*čelověka	*čelověku	*čelověkъ
dative	*čelověku	*čelověkoma	*čelověkomъ
accusative	*čelověkъ	*čelověka	*čelověky
instrumental	čelověkъmь, čelověkomь^*	*čelověkoma	*čelověky
locative	*čelověcě	*čelověku	*čelověcěxъ
vocative	*čelověče	*čelověka	*čelověci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*čьlověčьjь (“humane”)

Related terms

*čeľadь

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: человѣкъ (čelověkŭ), чловѣкъ (člověkŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: чоловѣкъ (čolověk)
    - Belarusian: чалаве́к (čalavjék)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: чолові́к (čolovík)
    - Ukrainian: чолові́к (čolovík, “man, husband”)
  - Russian: челове́к (čelovék)
  - → Latgalian: cylvāks
  - → Latvian: cilvēks
  - → Latvian: cilēks (kursenieki)
- Old Novgorodian: целовѣке (ćelověke), цоловѣке (ćolověke)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: чловѣкъ (člověkŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱍⰾⱁⰲⱑⰽⱏ (člověkŭ)
- Bulgarian: чове́к (čovék), (pre-1945 spelling) човѣкъ (čověk), (dated, literary) челове́к (čelovék)
- Macedonian: чо́век (čóvek)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: чо̀век, чо̀вјек
  
  Latin: čòvek, čòvjek
- Slovene: člóvek (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: člověk, čłověk (alternative writing)
  - Czech: člověk
- Old Polish: człowiek
  - Polish: człowiek, czowiek (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)
  - Silesian: czowiek, człowiek
- Polabian: clåvăk
- Old Slovak: človek
  - Pannonian Rusyn: чловек (človek)
  - Slovak: človek
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: człowiek
  - Slovincian: czlôwjek
- Sorbianː
  - Upper Sorbian: čłowjek
  - Lower Sorbian: cłowjek
Romance languages
- Latin: sclavus
- Italian: ciao, Italian: schiavo

References

^ Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*čeláwaj˙ku”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 80
^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čelověkъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 48
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čelověkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 80: “m. o ‘man’”

[1] Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*čeláwaj˙ku”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 80

[2] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čelověkъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 48

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čelověkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 80: “m. o ‘man’”

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