Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьltъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gilˀtás, akin to Lithuanian gel̃tas (stress pattern 4), Latvian dzȩlts (dialectal, standard dzeltens). Classically derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥h₃tós from *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”), similar to Proto-Slavic *zelenъ (“green”), *zoltъ (“golden”).

Adjective

*žь̑ltъ

1. yellow

Declension

Indefinite declension of *žьltъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*žьltъ	*žьlta	*žьlto
genitive	*žьlta	*žьlty	*žьlta
dative	*žьltu	*žьltě	*žьltu
accusative	*žьltъ	*žьltǫ	*žьlto
instrumental	*žьltomь	*žьltojǫ	*žьltomь
locative	*žьltě	*žьltě	*žьltě
vocative	*žьlte	*žьlto	*žьlto
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*žьlta	*žьltě	*žьltě
genitive	*žьltu	*žьltu	*žьltu
dative	*žьltoma	*žьltama	*žьltoma
accusative	*žьlta	*žьltě	*žьltě
instrumental	*žьltoma	*žьltama	*žьltoma
locative	*žьltu	*žьltu	*žьltu
vocative	*žьlta	*žьltě	*žьltě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*žьlti	*žьlty	*žьlta
genitive	*žьltъ	*žьltъ	*žьltъ
dative	*žьltomъ	*žьltamъ	*žьltomъ
accusative	*žьlty	*žьlty	*žьlta
instrumental	*žьlty	*žьltami	*žьlty
locative	*žьltěxъ	*žьltaxъ	*žьltěxъ
vocative	*žьlti	*žьlty	*žьlta

Definite declension of *žьltъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*žьltъjь	*žьltaja	*žьltoje
genitive	*žьltajego	*žьltyję̇	*žьltajego
dative	*žьltujemu	*žьltěji	*žьltujemu
accusative	*žьltъjь	*žьltǫjǫ	*žьltoje
instrumental	*žьltyjimь	*žьltǫjǫ	*žьltyjimь
locative	*žьltějemь	*žьltěji	*žьltějemь
vocative	*žьltъjь	*žьltaja	*žьltoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*žьltaja	*žьltěji	*žьltěji
genitive	*žьltuju	*žьltuju	*žьltuju
dative	*žьltyjima	*žьltyjima	*žьltyjima
accusative	*žьltaja	*žьltěji	*žьltěji
instrumental	*žьltyjima	*žьltyjima	*žьltyjima
locative	*žьltuju	*žьltuju	*žьltuju
vocative	*žьltaja	*žьltěji	*žьltěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*žьltiji	*žьltyję̇	*žьltaja
genitive	*žьltъjixъ	*žьltъjixъ	*žьltъjixъ
dative	*žьltyjimъ	*žьltyjimъ	*žьltyjimъ
accusative	*žьltyję̇	*žьltyję̇	*žьltaja
instrumental	*žьltyjimi	*žьltyjimi	*žьltyjimi
locative	*žьltyjixъ	*žьltyjixъ	*žьltyjixъ
vocative	*žьltiji	*žьltyję̇	*žьltaja

Related terms

• *zelenъ
• *zolto
• *zoltъ

See also

Colors in Proto-Slavic · *mȃsti (layout · text)

*bělъ (of animals) *bronъ	*sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ	*čьrnъ, *smaglъ, *smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ
*čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ	*rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ (of animals) *gnědъ	*žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ
*zelenъ	*zelenъ, *grěnъ
	*polvъ	*siňь; *modrъ
*slivъ	*bagrъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: жьлтъ (žĭltŭ), желтъ (želtŭ), жолтъ (žoltŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: жо́лтый (žóltyj), жо́втый (žóvtyj)
      • Belarusian: жо́ўты (žóŭty)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: жо́втый (žóvtŷj)
      • Ukrainian: жо́втий (žóvtyj)
      • → Pannonian Rusyn: жовти (žovti)
    • Russian: жёлтый (žóltyj)
  • Old Novgorodian: жьлъте (žĭlŭte)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: жлътъ (žlŭtŭ)

    Glagolitic script: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: жълт (žǎlt)
  • Macedonian: жолт (žolt)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: жу̑т

    Latin script: žȗt

  • Slovene: žȏłt (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: žlutý
    • Czech: žlutý
    • → Old Polish: żluty
  • Kashubian: żôłti
  • Old Polish: żółty
    • Polish: żółty
    • Silesian: żōłty
  • Old Slovak: žltý, žlutý, žoltý
    • Pannonian Rusyn: (dialectal, Kucura) жолти (žolti)
    • Slovak: žltý
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: žołty
    • Lower Sorbian: žołty

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жёлтый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жълт”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 563
• жовтий in Горох.ua
• “geltonas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012