Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/slověninъ
Proto-Slavic
editEtymology
editFrom *Slovǫta (“Dnieper”) + *-ěninъ or other, similar river name, compare Russian Слуя (Sluja), Polish Sława, Sławica, Serbo-Croatian Славница/Slavnica. The suffix *-ěninъ/*-janinъ is added only to geographical/territorial terms and place names, making it hard to assume other etymologies. Further etymology unclear. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
It could also derive from some place name, but such name is not attested (sometimes the hypothetical name *Slovy is mentioned), but compare Lithuanian village Šlavė́nai (phonetically identical to *slověne pl) on the river Šlavė̃.
Obsolete and other etymologies
- From *slovo (“word; speech”), literally, “man of own speech, man who speak the same language”;
- From *sluti, *slovǫ (“to express in words, to utter”), literally, “man whose language is understandable”;
- From *slava (“glory, fame”), literally, “man of a famous tribe”;
- L. Masing, A. Stender-Petersen: borrowed from unattested Germanic word for Slavic peoples, meaning “people whose language is not understandable”, from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (“to be quiet”) (compare Gothic 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌽 (slawan)), similar to Proto-Slavic *němьcь (“Teuton, German”), from *němъ (“mute”);
- Z. Gołąb: from Proto-Indo-European *swebʰen (from *swé (“self”)), with a dissimilation of w - bʰ to l - bʰ (compare *svoboda : *sloboda) and influenced by *slovo (“word; speech”) by folk etymology;
- J. J. Mikkola: from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂wos (“people”), cognate with Ancient Greek λᾱός (lāós, “people; soldier”)
Noun
edit*slověninъ m (feminine *slověnъka, related adjective *slověnьskъ)[1] needs accents
Declension
editDeclension of *slověninъ
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *slověninъ | *slověnina | *slověne |
Accusative | *slověninъ | *slověnina | *slověni |
Genitive | *slověninа | *slověninu | *slověnъ |
Locative | *slověnině | *slověninu | *slověnьxъ |
Dative | *slověninu | *slověninoma | *slověnьmъ |
Instrumental | *slověninomь | *slověninoma | *slověnьmi |
Vocative | *slověnine | *slověnina | *slověne |
Descendants
edit- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: словѣни́нъ (slověnínŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: словꙗни́нъ (slovjanín), славꙗни́нъ (slavjanín), словѣни́нъ (slověnín)
- Belarusian: славяні́н (slavjanín)
- Carpathian Rusyn: Славяни́н (Slavjanýn)
- Ukrainian: слов'яни́н (slovʺjanýn)
- Russian: славяни́н (slavjanín), слове́н (slovén, “Ilmen Slav”), (obsolete) словяни́н (slovjanín)
- Old Ruthenian: словꙗни́нъ (slovjanín), славꙗни́нъ (slavjanín), словѣни́нъ (slověnín)
- Old East Slavic: словѣни́нъ (slověnínŭ)
- South Slavic:
- Church Slavonic: (Russian recension) славѧни́нъ (slavęnínŭ), словени́нъ (slovenínŭ)
- Bulgarian: славя́нин (slavjánin)
- Macedonian: Словен (Sloven)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: Slován
- ⇒ Slovene: Slovẹ́nec (“Slovene”) (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
References
edit- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “Suf. -ěn-inъ, -jan-inъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 119
Further reading
edit- Rejzek, Jiří (2001) “Slovan”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 1st edition, Voznice: LEDA, →ISBN, page 613
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “slovẹ́nski”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
- Vasmer, Max (1972) “славянин”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Муза – Сят), Moscow: Progress, page 664
- Janyšková, Ilona, editor (2008), “Slověninъ”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 14 (sice – sгъdobolja), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 838
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “слов'янин”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “славянин”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 834
- Ballester, Xaverio (2019) “Slověninъ, o del etnónimo de los eslavos”, in Francesco Benozzo, editor, Quaderni di Semantica (in Spanish), volume 5
- Mesiarkin, Adam (2017) “The name of the slavs: etymology and meaning”, in Studia Slavic et Balcania Petropolitana, number 1, , page 3
- Curta, Florin (2011) “Sklaviniai and ethnic adjectives: a clarification”, in Byzantion Nea Hellás, volume 30, page 85
- Trubachyov, Oleg (1982) “Из исследований по праславянскому словообразованию: генезис модели на -ěninъ, -*janinъ”, in Этимология 1980, Moscow, page 3
- Masing, Leonhard (1921) “2. Slověne”, in Prace lingwistyczne ofiarowane Janowi Baudouinowi de Courtenay dla uczczenia jego działalności naukowe[1], Kraków: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod zarządem J. Filipowskiego, pages 87-89
- Stender-Petersen, Adolf (1927) Slavisch-germanische Lehnwortkunde, Göteborg, page 181
- Gołąb, Zbigniew (1992) The origins of the Slavs: a linguist's view, Slavica Publishers, →ISBN, page 181
- Mikkola, J. J. (1902) “Объ имени славянъ”, in Русский филологический вестник, volume 48, numbers 3-4, page 273
- Sławski, Franciszek (1988) Leszek Bednarczuk, editor, Języki indoeuropejskie, volume 2, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, page 909
- Rozwadowski, Jan Michał (1961) Wybór pism, volume 2, Warszawa, page 327