Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/svojь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

PIE word
*swé

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *swajas, from Proto-Indo-European *swoyos from *swé. Cognate with Old Prussian swais, Lithuanian savas, Latvian savs, Latgalian sovs, Latin suus, German sein, Old Norse sik (“oneself”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍃 (swēs, “one's own”), Sanskrit स्व (sva, “one's own”).

Determiner

*svojь

one's own (his, her, its, their own)

Declension

Declension of *svojь
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*svojь	*svoja	*svoje
Accusative	*svojь	*svojǫ	*svoje
Genitive	*svojego	*svojeję̇	*svojego
Locative	*svojemь	*svojeji	*svojemь
Dative	*svojemu	*svojeji	*svojemu
Instrumental	*svojimь	*svojejǫ	*svojimь
Dual	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*svoja	*svoji	*svoji
Accusative	*svoja	*svoji	*svoji
Genitive	*svojeju	*svojeju	*svojeju
Locative	*svojeju	*svojeju	*svojeju
Dative	*svojima	*svojima	*svojima
Instrumental	*svojima	*svojima	*svojima
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*svoji	*svoję̇	*svoja
Accusative	*svoję̇	*svoję̇	*svoja
Genitive	*svojixъ	*svojixъ	*svojixъ
Locative	*svojixъ	*svojixъ	*svojixъ
Dative	*svojimъ	*svojimъ	*svojimъ
Instrumental	*svojimi	*svojimi	*svojimi

Declension of the personal pronouns

Singular	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	jãzъ, jà	*ty̑	—
Accusative	*mę̑	*tę̑	*sę̑
Genitive	*mȅne	*tȅbe	*sȅbe
Locative	*mьně̀	*tebě̀	*sebě̀
Dative	mьně̀, mi	tebě̀, ti	sebě̀, si
Instrumental	mъnòjǫ, mъnojǫ̀	tobòjǫ, tobojǫ̀	sobòjǫ, sobojǫ̀

Possessive	*mojь	*tvojь	*svojь
Dual	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	*vě̑	*vȃ	—
Accusative	*nȃ	*vȃ	*sę̑
Genitive	*nàju	*vàju	*sȅbe
Locative	*nàju	*vàju	*sebě̀
Dative	nàma, na	vàma, va	sebě̀, si
Instrumental	*nàma	*vàma	sobòjǫ, sobojǫ̀

Possessive	*našь	*vašь	*svojь
Plural	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	*my̑	*vy̑	—
Accusative	*ny̑	*vy̑	*sę̑
Genitive	*nàsъ	*vàsъ	*sȅbe
Locative	*nàsъ	*vàsъ	*sebě̀
Dative	nàmъ, ny	vàmъ, vy	sebě̀, si
Instrumental	*nàmi	*vàmi	sobòjǫ, sobojǫ̀

Possessive	*našь	*vašь	*svojь

Derived terms

*svobь
- *svobodà (“freedom”)
*svojakъ (“relative, cousin”)
*svojatъ (“intrinsic to oneself”)
*svojьtьba (“family, kin, relatives”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: свои (svoi)
  - Belarusian: свой (svoj)
  - Russian: свой (svoj)
  - Ukrainian: свій (svij)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: свои (svoi)
- Bulgarian: свой (svoj)
- Macedonian: свој (svoj)
- Serbo-Croatian: svȏj / сво̑ј
- Slovene: svọ́j (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: svój
  - Czech: svůj
- Old Polish: swój
  - Polish: swój
  - Silesian: swōj
- Slovak: svoj
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: swój
  - Slovincian: swój
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: swój
  - Lower Sorbian: swój