Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tạrïg

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *tạrï- (“to cultivate”) +‎ *-g. Compare to Proto-Tungusic *dara-gan (“quitch; reed, cane”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*tạrïg

1. millet

Declension

Declension of *tạrïg

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*tạrïg
Accusative	*tạrïgnï, *tạrïgïg 4), *tạrïgnïg 1)
Genitive	*tạrïgnïŋ
Dative	*tạrïgka
Locative	*tạrïgda
Ablative	*tạrïgdan
Allative	*tạrïggaru
Instrumental 2)	*tạrïgïn
Equative 2)	*tạrïgča
Similative 2)	*tạrïglayu
Comitative 2)	*tạrïglïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• → Proto-Mongolic: *tarïxan
  • Mongolian: тариа (taria)
• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: тырӑ (tyră)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: darı
    • Ottoman Turkish: داری, دارو (darı), طاری (darı), طارو (darı)
      • Gagauz: darı
      • Turkish: darı
      • → Armenian: տառը (taṙə), տառոս (taṙos), տարոս (taros)
  • Salar: tarı
  • Turkmen: dary
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (tarığ)
    • Uzbek: tariq
    • Uyghur: تېرىق (tëriq)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: тары (tarı)
    • Tatar: тары (tarı)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: tarı
    • Kumyk: тари (tari)
    • Karaim: тары
    • Karachay-Balkar: тары (tarı)
  • South Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Karakalpak: tari
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: таруу (taruu)
      • Southern Altai: тару (taru)
  • → Hungarian: dara
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tarığ)
    • Western Yugur: tarığ
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: тарығ (tarığ)

See also

Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro, wheat: *bugday
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Strawberry	strawberry: *yidgelek	Apple	apple: *almïla
Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bạl
Millet	millet: *tạrïg	Onion	onion: *sōgun	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe
Radish	radish: *turp, *turma	Carrot	carrot: *turma

References

• Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 287-291
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dạrɨ-g”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill